BIO 1030 Final Exam Clemson University Chandler Goldman

At some point in the history of life, a species developed the ability to fly. this is an example of...

macroevolution

Corn plant varieties have been selected by humans to be more juicy than they originally were. This is an example of...

artificial selection

After the mass extinction of most dinosaur species, a sharp rise in mammal diversity occurred on Earth. This is an example of...

adaptive radiation

How do histone modifications control gene expression?

histone modifications either compact or "open-up" DNA for transcription

What was the major impact of the photosynthetic prokaryotes on the atmosphere of early Earth?

rise in oxygen

Organisms that live together as a population have small genetic differences that can contribute to having slightly different traits. In certain environments, some members of the population have advantageous traits that help them survive and pass their genes onto the next generation. This describes...

natural selection

Bats and cats have similar bones in their forearms, but use them in different ways (flight vs. walking). These bones are examples of...

homologies

Consider a population of sheep to be in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium. The allele for black wool(w) has an allele frequency of 0.81 while the allele for white wool (W) has an allele frequency of 0.19. Then the percentage of heterozygous individuals in the population is...

31%

Two species may be able to mate and produce hybrids. However, sometimes the hybrids are not healthy and do not live long enough to reproduce. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

reduced hybrid viability

Charles Darwin, among other scientists of the 1800s, believed that present-day organisms descended from ancestral organisms that are now extinct. He believed that through natural selection, the physical features of the ancestral organism would change over time as the descendants adapted to new environments. This describes Darwin's theory of...

descent with modification

In many cases, different species are prevented from producing hybrids because the gametes of the two species can't fuse correctly. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

gametic isolation

Which of the following factors contribute to genetic variation?

all of the above

If a horse mates with a donkey, a mule will be produced. However, mules have an odd number of chromosomes which prevents a mule from producing offspring with another mule. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

reduced hybrid fertility

I learned something about the field of biology during this course

YES

In the Caucasian population of the US, 1 in 2500 babies is affected by a recessive condition- cystic fibrosis. In this population, the frequency of the dominant allele is...

0.98

Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression. How do they perform this function?

Transcription factors either recruit or block RNA polymerase from binding to a gene.

A population of frogs contains a spectrum of colors from very dark green to very light green, and medium green is the most common. The frog population migrates into a mossy area where the ground is medium green. The dark green frogs and light green frogs are more easily captured by predators while the medium green frogs are better camouflaged. What type of microevolution selection is occuring?

stabilizing selection

Two species of fish have the capability of reproducing with each other, but they live in different lakes and cannot contact each other. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

habitat isolation

Dewclaws on dogs are often not connected to muscle and are largely non-functional. Therefore, dewclaws are considered to be...

vestigial structures

Birds often have species-specific songs. Females only respond to the unique song of males of their own species. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

behavioral isolation

How can the age of fossils be calculated using Carbon-14 radiometric dating?

using the known half-life of carbon 14 and comparing the current ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in the fossil

A gene locus has two alleles A and a. If the frequency of dominant allele A is 0.4, then the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals in the population is...

0.16(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.36(aa)

Two species of beetles may look similar, but they are unable to mate with each other because their sex organs do not align. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

mechanical isolation

A population of foxes migrates into a newer, colder habitat. Some foxes in the population have naturally longer fur that helps them survive and reproduce. Therefore, long fur becomes more common in the population. This is an example of...

natural selection

What is the term for genes that control body plan development of an organism?

homeotic genes

Depending on the environment and other factors, the frequency of certain alleles in a population can change within a few generations. This is called...

microevolution

Two species of mouse could reproduce with each other, but one species only mates at night and the other only mates during the day. Which barrier to reproduction does this describe?

temporal isolation

360 out of 1000 individuals in a population have a genotype of AA while 480 have Aa genotype. The rest 160 belong to aa. Frequency allele A in this population is...

0.6

A population of tics contains red and black ticks in roughly equal numbers. Several red ticks latch onto a bird that flies them to a new area and they start a new population. This is an example of...

the founder effect

Which two levels of taxonomy are used in binomial nomenclature?

genus, species

Which event(s) contributed to the creation of the first eukaryotic cells?

any of the above

A population of lizards contains equal amounts of both green and brown lizards. After a forest fire, many of the green lizards were lost. Now there are many more brown lizards than green. This is an example of...

genetic drift

The punctuated model of speciation describes the process of speciation being gradual and occurring over a long time.

False

How can mass extinctions lead to macroevolution?

all of the above

All of our cells ( that aren't gametes) have the exact same DNA. However, we have hundreds of cell types with unique functions. How is this possible?

During body development, cells divide asymmetrically by mitosis. Therefore, they inherit different factors that control which genes are expressed.

During his voyage, Darwin noticed that different Islands within the Galapagos Islands had species of finches that were specific to each island. Each finch species had a uniquely shaped beak. What is the best explanation for why the various species of finch had different beak shapes?

the food sources available on each island contributed to natural selection

A population of frogs containing a spectrum of colors from very dark green to very light green, and medium green is the most common. The frog population migrates into an area where the grass is light green. The dark green frogs are more easily captured by predators and the light green frogs are better camouflaged. What type of microevolution selection is occurring?

directional selection

A population of frogs containing a spectrum of colors from very dark green to very light green, and medium green is the most common. The frog population migrates into a rocky area where the ground color is speckled with dark and light green colors. The medium green are more easily captured by Predators while the light green and dark green frogs are better camouflaged. What type of microevolution selection is occurring?

Disruptive selection

Organisms in a population vary slightly in their genetics. The term for this fact is...

genetic variation

Some wolves from a pack of wolves leave their pack and join another. What does this represent?

Gene flow