Endocrine System

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

A system of ductless glands that secrete messenger molecules called hormones into the blood

What do hormones circulate through

the blood vessels in the body

what are the pure organs,

pituitary, pineal, thyroid, pure thyroid, and adrenal glands

what are the containing endocrine cells organs

pancreas, thymus, gonads, and the hypothalamus

what are the two main classes of hormones

amino acid based hormones, and steroids.

what does amino acid based hormones consist of

amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins

what do steroid hormones consist of

gonadal and adrenocortical hormones

Can water soluble hormones enter cells?

No

what do water soluble hormones act on?

plasma membrane receptors via protein

can lipid soluble hormones enter the cell?

No

what do lipid soluble hormones act on?

Intracellular receptors directly activating genes

what is antagonism?

when one or more hormones oppose action of another hormone

what is permissiveness?

when one hormones cant excel its effects without another hormone present

synergism

more than one hormones produces same effects on target cell

what three factions does target cell activation depend on?

blood levels of the hormone

relative number of receptors on or in a target cell

affinity of binding between receptor and hormone

desensitization

occurs after long exposure to high levels of hormones

priming effect (upregulation)

occurs when a hormone induces more of tis own receptors in target cells

what does the hypothalamus control

The release of hormones from pituitary

what are the 5 important hormone regulating functions

osmotic balance

growth

metabolic rate

stress response

reproduction

What does the master gland make

hormones that are sent to stand in the pituitary

what does the master gland release and from where

hormones from the pituitary gland

What are the right hypothalamus hormones

Vasopressin

oxytocin

carticotropin

prolactin

gonadotropin

somatostatin

thyrotropin

growth releasing hormone

Antidiuretic hormone function

targets kindneys to resorb water

oxytocin

induces smooth muscle contraction of reproductive organs, ejects milk during breast feeding, signals contraction of uterus during childbirth

corticotrophin

stimulate ACTH release

prolactin

inhibits prolactin release

gonadotropin

stimulate FSH and LH release

somatostatin

inhibits GH release

thyrotropin

stimulates TSH release

Growth releasing hormone

Stimulates GH release

where is the pituitary gland

The Sella turcica of sphenoid bone

How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus

The infundibulum

What type of tissue does adenohypophysis consist of

glandular tissue

what type of tissue does neurohypophysis consist of

neural tissue

what does adenohypophysis do with hormones?

produces and releases hormones

what does neurohypophysis do with hormones

releases hormones

how is adenohypophysis divided

pars distalis, pars intermedialis, and pars tuberalis

how is the neurohypophysis divided

pars nervosa and infundibular

What are the five different cells in the pars distalis

soma tropic

thyrotropic

cantico tropic

gonadotropic

prolactin

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland have

thyroid stimulating

adrenocorticotropic

follicle stimulating

luteinizing

growth

prolactin

melanocyte stimulating

what are the two peptide hormones released in the posterior lobe of the pituitary

antidiuretic and oxtocin

ADH

Vasopressin/ diuretic

CRH

corticotropin

PIH

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

GnRH

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

TRH

thyrotropin releasing hormone

GHRH

growth hormone releasing hormone

Where is the thyroid gland located

anterior neck

What is the thyroid gland composed of

colloid follicles

follicle cells

parafollicular cells

areolar connective tissue

What are the four functions of the thyroid hormone

Sets basal metabolic rate

thermoregulation

regulation of tissue growth and development

maintence of blood pressure

Where is the parathyroid gland

on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

What are the two types of endocrine cells?

Chief and oxyphil cells

Function of chief cells

produces parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium concentration

Function of oxyphil cells

Unknown

Where are the adrenal glands

superior kidney

what is the function of adrenal cortex

secretes lipid based steroid hormones

What are the hormones in the adrenal cortex

corticosteroids

What are the two classes of the adrenal cortex

mineralocorticoids and glucorticoids

What are the four functions of the glucocorticoids

increases blood sugar

breaks down proteins from skeletal muscle

breaks down fat cells

can lead to increase in blood pressure

Where is the pineal gland located

the roof of the disencephalon

what is the function of the pineal gland

pinacocytes secrete melatonin

Where is the pancreas located

On the posterior abdominal wall

What do the alpha cells in the pancreas do

secrete glucagon

What do the beta cells in the pancreas do

secrete insulin

What does the thymus consist of

Thymulin, thymopoietin, and thymosins

Where do the endocrine cells occur within

Heart

GI tract

placenta

kidneys

skin