Upper Extremities Pathology

This refers to the transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or part to another that is not directly connected

Metastasis

Inflammation of the bursae or fluid filled sacs that encloses joints

Bursitis

A painful disorder of the wrist and hand that results from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A break in the structure of bone caused by a force, direct or indirect

Fracture

Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint

Barton’s fracture

Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the carpometacarpal joint

Bennett’s fracture

Transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck and is most common in the fifth metacarpal

Boxer’s fracture

Transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

Colles’ fracture

Transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly

Smith’s fracture

Accumulation of fluid in the joint cavity and is an underlying condition such as a fracture, dislocation, soft tissue damage, or inflammation

Joint effusion

A noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation

Osteoarthritis

Also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD), it is the most common type of arthritis and is considered a normal part of the aging process

Osteoarthritis

Infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery

Osteomyelitis

A hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone. Is also commonly called marble bone

Osteopetrosis

Refers to the reduction in the quantity of bone or atropRefers to the reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of the skeletal tissue. It occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men, resulting in bone trabeculae that are scanty and thinhy of the skeletal tissue. It occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men, resulting in bone trabeculae that are scanty and thin

Osteoporosis

A chronic skeletal disease characterized by bone destruction followed by a reparative process of overproduction of dense yet soft bones that tend to fracture easily

Paget’s disease

A chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissues. It is more common in women than in men

Rheumatoid arthritis

A sprain or tear in the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb near the MCP joint of the hyperextended thumb.

Skier’s thumb

The most common primary cancerous bone tumor

Osteosarcoma

The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor and generally affects persons aged 10 to 20 years but can occur at any age

Osteosarcoma

A common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults that arises from bone marrow that results in an “onion peel” appearance on radiographs

Ewing’s sarcoma

A slow growing malignant tumor of the cartilage

Chondrosarcoma

A slow-growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of the hands and feet of adolescents and young children

Enchondroma

The most common type of benign bone tumor, usually occurring in persons aged 10 to 20 years

Osteochondroma

Refers to trauma of the upper shoulder region resulting in a partial or complete tear of the AC or Coracoclavicular (CC) ligament or both ligaments

Acromioclavicular joint separation

Refers to an injury in which the distal clavicle is usually displaced superiorly

Acromioclavicular dislocation

An injury of the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum, often caused by anterior dislocation of the proximal humerus

Bankart lesion

A compression fracture of the articular surface of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head that is often associated with an anterior dislocation of the humeral head

Hill-Sachs defect

A disability of the shoulder joint that is caused by chronic inflammation in and around the joint. It is characterized by pain and limitation of movement

Idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis

Impingement of the greater tuberosity and sift tissues on the coracoacromial ligamentous and osseous arch

Shoulder impingement syndrome

A traumatic removal of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity

Shoulder dislocation

An inflammatory condition of the tendon that usually results from a strain

Tendonitis