Scientific Management, Welfare Capitalism, and the Open Shop

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to labor history, scientific management, and socio-political movements as discussed in the lecture.

Red Summer

A term used to describe the wave of violence against African Americans in 1919, marked by race riots and lynchings.

1919 Strike Wave

A significant wave of strikes in the U.S. involving four million workers, driven by inflation and wage cuts.

Open Shop

A workplace where both union and non-union workers are employed without discrimination, often associated with anti-union practices.

Scientific Management

A theory of management that analyzes workflows to improve efficiency, initiated by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Welfare Capitalism

An approach where employers provide various benefits to workers to secure loyalty and prevent labor unrest.

First Red Scare

A period of intense anti-communism and anti-socialism in the U.S. during the early 20th century, particularly after the Russian Revolution.

Jim Crow Practices

Laws and customs that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the U.S.

A. Mitchell Palmer

U.S. Attorney General who led the Palmer Raids against radicals during the First Red Scare.

Palmer Raids

A series of government raids aiming to arrest and deport radicals and anarchists during the Red Scare.

Amalgamated Association of Iron, Tin, and Steel Workers

A significant labor union that represented workers in the steel industry, noted for its strike in 1919.

Canton Ohio Speech

A speech by Eugene Debs opposing U.S. involvement in World War I and addressing anti-war sentiments.

Battle of Blair Mountain

A major armed labor uprising in 1921 between coal miners and law enforcement in West Virginia.

Industrial Democracy

A concept advocating for workers' rights to participate in decision-making in their workplaces.

Time and Motion Studies

A management technique pioneered by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth to analyze work patterns for efficiency.

American Plan

A rebranding of the anti-union open shop movement as a promotion of American values and freedoms.

Labor Strife

Conflicts between workers and employers often characterized by strikes and negotiations.

Racial Segregation

The enforced separation of different racial groups in daily life, including in employment and housing.

Ethnic Divisions

Social divisions based on ethnicity that can lead to conflicts, especially in labor disputes.

Criminal Syndicalism Laws

Legislation aimed at suppressing radical labor movements and criminalizing the advocacy of violent action.

Employer Associations

Groups formed by employers to promote their interests, often in opposition to labor unions.

Blacklisting

The practice of denying employment to individuals, particularly union members, to suppress labor movements.

Inflation

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power.

Strikewave

A collective series of strikes by workers across various sectors often triggered by similar grievances.

Anarchists

Individuals who advocate for a society without government or authority, often involved in labor movements.

Labor Board

A governmental body established to mediate disputes between workers and employers.

Civil Liberties

Individual rights protected by law from governmental interference.

Patriotism

Devotion to one's country, often invoked in political rhetoric to justify actions in wartime.

Union Membership

The number of workers who belong to a labor union, often indicating the strength of organized labor.

Profit-Sharing

A system where employees receive a share of the company's profits as part of their compensation.

Americanization Programs

Initiatives aimed at assimilating immigrants into American culture, often involving education.

Labor History

The study of the history of labor movements, worker rights, and related political and social changes.

Vigilante Justice

The act of taking the law into one's own hands, often seen in anti-labor movements.

Pro-Labor Policies

Legislative measures aimed at supporting labor rights and improving conditions for workers.

Management Principles

Concepts introduced to optimize and structure organizational management and worker efficiency.