Irony
a situation or statement where the truth is the opposite of appearances
Litotes
a type of understatement in which something affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite
Metaphor
a direct comparison of two different things which suggests they are somehow the same
Metonymy
substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it
Motif
a standard theme or dramatic situation which recurs in a various works
Non sequitur
an inference that does not logically follow from the premise(s)
Onomatopoeia
a word formed from the imitation of natural sounds
Oxymoron
an expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined
Paradox
an apparently contradictory statement which actually contains some truth
Parody
a humorous imitation of a serious work
Pathos
the quality in a work that prompts the reader to feel pity or sorrow
Pedantic
describing an excessive display of learning or scholarship
Personification
endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics
Sarcasm
harsh, cutting language/tone designed to ridicule
Satire
the use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions
Style
the overall manner in which an individual writer expresses ideas
Syllepsis
the linking of one word with two other words in two strikingly different ways
Syllogism
a logical argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise
Symbol
an object which is something in itself yet is used to represent something else
Synecdoche
using one part of an object to represent the entire object
Syntax
the manner in which words are arranged by a writer into sentences
Tautology
needless repetition which adds no meaning or understanding
Tone
the attitude of a writer, usually implied, toward the subject or audience
Understatement
the deliberate representation of something as less in magnitude than it really is