Studied by 4 people
nation
made up of people with a shared history; a history of self-determination; made through distinction
state
entity with a permanent population, sovereign government, and has recognition from other states
nation-state
made up of 1 nation; homogenous state; opposite of multinational
multinational state
state made up of multiple nations, 2 or more, and agreed to live in peace and coexist as 1 state
mulistate nation
nation that exists in multiple states e.g. North and South Korea
stateless nation
nation that doesn’t have a state e.g. the Kurdish nation
self-determination
a nation’s right to govern themselves without any influence from external powers and other states
shatterbelt regions
regions that are caught between two powers
neocolonialism
uses economic and political factors to influence another state without directly sending troops in
relic boundaries
boundaries that no longer exist, it impacts cultural landscape
antecedent boundaries
boundaries that existed before human settlement in that area
subsequent boundaries
a political border that is established after an area has been settled and reflects the cultural characteristics of the people living there, often developing along existing ethnic, linguistic, or religious divisions within a region
consquent boundaries
a political boundary that is drawn to align with existing cultural differences within a region, such as language, religion, or ethnicity, essentially dividing populations based on pre-existing cultural divides (uses existing landscapes)
superimposed boundaries
boundaries created by a foreign state e.g. European powers created most boundaries in African countries
geometric boundaries
cultural boundaries that are straight lines based on latitude and longitude e.g. the border between the U.S. and Canada
UNCLOS
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
territorial waters
12 nautical miles from shore; the state has sovereign rule over those waters
contiguous zone
24 nautical miles from the territorial waters; the state is allowed to set rules and regulations within that zone
EEZ
The Exclusive Economic Zone, it is 200 nautical miles from the contiguous zone, the country has jurisdiction over activities and resources
voting districts
they get redistricted every time a voting census is completed
gerrymandering
the redistricting of the voting district in order to create a distinct district that is more favorable to your political party
federal state
concentrates power between national and federal government, the power is shared
unitary states
concentrates power on one centralized government
centrifugal
espn that divide a country
centripetal
espn that unite a country
devolution
the transfer of power from national government down to regional governments
state sovereignty
the state’s right to govern themselves
defined boundaries
established by a legal document
delimited boundaries
drawn on a map
chokepoints
areas where the physical geographty creates a narrow strait that makes trade or travel difficult
prorupted states
compact states with a large protruding extension
perforated states
the state that completely surrounds another state
ethnic seperatism
the political movement where an ethnic group within a state seeks to break away and form its own independent state, often driven by a strong sense of cultural identity distinct from the larger population of the country they reside in, leading to calls for greater autonomy or even complete separation from the existing state
irredentism
movement to unite people with shared culture and/or language but separated by a boundary
balkanization
divide a region into smaller and mutually hostile states/groups (independent states that are hostile to eachother)
supranationalism
when several countries form an organization to achieve a common goal
failed states
the state is unable to perform basic governmental responsibilities and lack authority over its land
ethnonationalism
national identity is bas ed on a common ethnicity and they attempt to tie ethnicity to nationality e.g. India trying to tie Hindu
ethnic nationalist movement
a group may want more autonomy or full separation from a country based on ethnicity and nationality
enclave
a piece of land belonging to one state that is completely surrounded by another state
exclave
a part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country by another country’s borders.
assimalation
minority (migrant) population adopts popular culture of the state
egalitarianism
belief in the equality of all people
foward capital
capital that is relocated for ESPN reasons (it’s strategic)
buffer states
used to separate hostile powers
colonialism
the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country, which they have settled and taken over
imperialism
the policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means
