lec 5 function group

🔗 R–CH₃ · suffix: –ane · prefix: alkyl-

Alkyl

🔀 R–CH=CH₂ · suffix: –ene · prefix: alkenyl- · has double bond

Alkenyl

⚡ R–C≡C–H · suffix: –yne · prefix: alkynyl- · has triple bond

Alkynyl

🌀 Ar– · suffix: –benzene · prefix: phenyl- · aromatic ring

Phenyl (benzene ring)

🍷 R–OH · suffix: –ol · prefix: hydroxy-

Alcohol (hydroxyl)

🌁 R–O–R' · suffix: –ether · prefix: alkoxy- · oxygen bridge

Ether (alkoxy)

💚 R–NH₂ · suffix: –amine · prefix: amino- · contains N

Amine (amino)

🧄 R–SH · suffix: –thiol · prefix: mercapto- · contains S

Thiol

✨ R–CHO · suffix: –al · prefix: oxo- · carbonyl at chain end

Aldehyde

🔑 R–CO–R' · suffix: –one · prefix: oxo- · carbonyl in middle

Ketone

🧴 R–COO–R' · suffix: –oate · made from acid + alcohol

Ester

🍋 R–COOH · suffix: –oic acid · prefix: carboxy- · acidic

Carboxylic acid

🔵 R–CO–NH₂ · suffix: –amide · contains N and O

Amide

☢️ R–X · prefix: halo- · X = F · Cl · Br · I

Alkyl halide

🍷➡️✨ Oxidation → aldehyde → carboxylic acid · dehydration · esterification

Primary alcohol reactions

🔄➡️🔑 Oxidation → ketone · dehydration · esterification

Secondary alcohol reactions

🛑🚫 No oxidation · only: dehydration · esterification

Tertiary alcohol reactions

🌁✂️ Cleavage with HI or HBr · aromatic ethers: halogenation · nitration · Friedel-Crafts reactions

Ether reactions

🌸⚗️ Acidity · esterification · nitration · halogenation · oxidation → quinone · Zn reduction → benzene

Phenol reactions