Art history 1010 midterm review

Statuettes of Worshippers

• What is it? Small statues of people, often shown with hands raised in prayer.

• What does it look like? Standing figures with large eyes, simple clothing, and beards.

• Materials: Made from limestone

• How was it made? Carved by hand with detail in the eyes.

• Who made it? Sumerian artists.

• Where and when? Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), around 2900 BCE.

Assyrian Lion Hunt

• What is it? A series of relief sculptures depicting a royal lion hunt.

• What does it look like? Action-packed scenes of the king hunting lions, showing power and bravery.

• Materials: Stone relief carvings.

• How was it made? Carved into stone panels.

• Who made it? Assyrian artists.

• Where and when? Nineveh, Assyria (modern-day Iraq), circa 645 BCE.

Seated Statue of Khafre

• What is it? A statue of the Egyptian Pharaoh Khafre.

• What does it look like? The king sits on a throne, wearing a headdress, with a serene expression.

• Materials: Made from diorite, a hard, dark stone.

• How was it made? Carved with great skill to show idealized features.

• Who made it? Egyptian sculptors.

• Where and when? Egypt, circa 2500 BCE (Old Kingdom).

New York Kouros

• What is it? A marble statue of a young, idealized male figure (Greek).

• What does it look like? Nude, with a rigid, upright stance and archaic smile.

• Materials: Marble.

• How was it made? Carved from marble with early Greek techniques.

• Who made it? Greek sculptors.

• Where and when? Greece, circa 600 BCE.

Euphronios, Death of Sarpedon

• What is it? A painted vase depicting the death of the hero Sarpedon.

• What does it look like? A dramatic scene of two gods (Sleep and Death) carrying Sarpedon’s body, surrounded by warriors.

• Materials: Terracotta.

• How was it made? Painted in the red-figure technique.

• Who made it? Euphronios, a Greek artist.

• Where and when? Athens, Greece, circa 515 BCE.

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

• What is it? A marble statue of a young man in an idealized pose.

• What does it look like? A standing figure with a relaxed pose (contrapposto) and perfect proportions.

• Materials: Originally bronze, later marble copies.

• How was it made? Carved using mathematical principles for perfect human proportions.

• Who made it? Polykleitos, an ancient Greek sculptor.

• Where and when? Greece, circa 450 BCE

Phidias, Lapiths and Centaurs (Parthenon Frieze)

• What is it? A series of marble reliefs depicting a battle between humans and centaurs.

• What does it look like? Action-packed scenes of humans (Lapiths) fighting centaurs at a wedding feast.

• Materials: Marble.

• How was it made? Carved into the Parthenon’s frieze.

• Who made it? Phidias and his workshop.

• Where and when? Athens, Greece, circa 440 BCE.

Head of a Roman Patrician

• What is it? A realistic marble portrait of an elderly Roman aristocrat.

• What does it look like? A wrinkled, highly detailed face, emphasizing age and wisdom.

• Materials: Marble.

• How was it made? Carved in a veristic (hyper-realistic) style.

• Who made it? Roman sculptors.

• Where and when? Rome, Italy, circa 50 BCE.

Painting of Architectural Vistas from Boscoreale, Italy

• What is it? A fresco depicting architectural and landscape scenes in a villa.

• What does it look like? Life-like frescoes that make the walls appear to open up to real architecture or vistas.

• Materials: Fresco (paint on wet plaster).

• How was it made? Painted directly onto the villa walls.

• Who made it? Roman artists.

• Where and when? Boscoreale, near Pompeii, Italy; 1st century BCE.

Fayum Mummy Portraits (2nd Century)

• What is it? Realistic portraits of people, placed on mummies.

• What does it look like? Detailed and lifelike portraits of individuals, often with warm, natural colors.

• Materials: Wood panels, encaustic (wax-based) paint.

• How was it made? Painted in encaustic (hot wax mixed with pigments).

• Who made it? Egyptian artists.

• Where and when? Fayum, Egypt; 2nd century BCE.

Pont du Gard

• What is it? A Roman aqueduct bridge.

• What does it look like? A massive bridge with three tiers of arches made from large stones.

• Materials: Limestone.

• How was it made? Built without mortar, using stone’s weight for stability.

• Who made it? Roman engineers.

• Where and when? Nîmes, France, circa 1st century BCE.

Ritual Vine Vessel

• What is it? A ceremonial vessel for holding liquids, often for wine.

• What does it look like? Ornate with vine and leaf motifs.

• Materials: Bronze or gold.

• How was it made? Cast or hammered into shape.

• Who made it? Etruscan or Greek artisans.

• Where and when? Italy or Greece, 5th century BCE.

Terracotta Army (Qin Shi Huang Tomb Complex)

• What is it? A collection of life-sized statues of soldiers and horses.

• What does it look like? Thousands of detailed, individualized figures arranged in battle formation.

• Materials: Terracotta.

• How was it made? Molded and hand-painted, each soldier is unique.

• Who made it? Chinese artisans.

• Where and when? Xi'an, China, 3rd century BCE.

Great Stupa (Sanchi)

• What is it? A Buddhist stupa (mound-like structure).

• What does it look like? A large dome with railings and carvings.

• Materials: Stone and brick.

• How was it made? Built with Buddhist symbols and structure.

• Who made it? Indian artisans.

• Where and when? Sanchi, India, 3rd century BCE.

Guo Xi, Early Spring

• What is it? A Chinese landscape painting.

• What does it look like? A serene and misty landscape with mountains and trees.

• Materials: Ink and color on silk.

• How was it made? Painted with brush techniques to create depth and harmony.

• Who made it? Guo Xi, a famous Chinese artist.

• Where and when? China, 11th century BCE.

Court of Justinian Mosaic

• What is it? A mosaic showing Emperor Justinian with his court.

• What does it look like? The emperor in the center, surrounded by soldiers and priests.

• Materials: Glass and stone tesserae.

• How was it made? Carefully assembled with tiny pieces of glass and stone.

• Who made it? Byzantine artists.

• Where and when? Ravenna, Italy, circa 547 BCE.

Anthemius and Isidore, Hagia Sophia

• What is it? A large Byzantine church.

• What does it look like? A massive dome with elegant mosaics and windows.

• Materials: Stone, marble, and glass.

• How was it made? Designed with advanced engineering and architectural techniques.

• Who made it? Anthemius and Isidore.

• Where and when? Constantinople, Turkey, completed in 537 BCE.

Reliquary of Sainte-Foy

• What is it? A golden container holding the relics of Saint Foy.

• What does it look like? A gold-plated figure of Saint Foy, adorned with jewels.

• Materials: Gold and jewels.

• How was it made? Crafted by medieval artisans.

• Who made it? Unknown medieval craftsmen.

• Where and when? Conques, France, 9th century BCE.

Abbey Church of Saint Denis

• What is it? The first Gothic cathedral.

• What does it look like? Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained-glass windows.

• Materials: Stone and glass.

• How was it made? Designed with Gothic architectural innovations.

• Who made it? Architect Abbot Suger.

• Where and when? Saint-Denis, France, completed in 1144 BCE.

Quran Manuscript

• What is it? A page from a Quran manuscript.

• What does it look like? Arabic script with geometric patterns or decorative elements.

• Materials: Ink on parchment or vellum.

• How was it made? Written by hand by skilled calligraphers.

• Who made it? Islamic scribes.

• Where and when? Middle East, circa 9th century BCE.