AP World History 2.3 Flashcards

Malacca (Melaka)

Malacca (Melaka)

historical city in Malaysia that was a vital trading port for spices and other goods in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was a center of trade for the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, influencing maritime trade routes and cultural exchanges in Southeast Asia. Its strategic location along the Strait of Malacca facilitated the spread of Islam and the interaction of diverse cultures, impacting regional trade dynamics and contributing to the development of modern Southeast Asian nations.

Calicut

city in India that emerged as a major trading hub for spices in the 14th century. It was the center of the spice trade and attracted European explorers, including Vasco da Gama, which led to the establishment of European colonialism in India. The city's prominence in trade influenced global economic patterns and contributed to the integration of India into the world economy.

Spice Islands

now part of Indonesia, famous for their production of valuable spices like nutmeg and cloves during the Age of Exploration. These islands were sought after by European powers, leading to intense competition and colonization efforts. The quest for spices significantly shaped global trade routes and economic systems, influencing culinary practices and trade relationships that persist today.

Monsoon winds

seasonal winds that significantly influence the climate and agriculture of the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions. These winds enabled maritime trade by providing predictable sailing conditions for ships in the Indian Ocean. The understanding of monsoon patterns facilitated trade expansion, agricultural productivity, and cultural exchanges, shaping economic activities in the region and influencing global trade networks.

Lateen sails

triangular sails that allowed ships to sail more efficiently against the wind, revolutionizing maritime navigation. This innovation emerged in the Mediterranean and spread to the Indian Ocean, enhancing trade capabilities and maritime exploration. The use of lateen sails contributed to the expansion of trade networks and the globalization of commerce, impacting the development of international trade practices.

Astrolabe

ancient astronomical instrument used for solving problems related to time and the position of the stars. It was instrumental in navigation during the Age of Exploration, allowing sailors to determine latitude and improve maritime accuracy. The use of astrolabes contributed to the expansion of global trade and exploration, shaping the modern world by enhancing navigational techniques and fostering international connections.

Diaspora

dispersion of a group of people from their original homeland to various parts of the world. The Indian Ocean diaspora involved the movement of communities, particularly traders and laborers, across the ocean, leading to cultural exchanges and the establishment of new communities. This phenomenon has shaped global cultural landscapes, influencing social dynamics, economic practices, and identity formation in diverse societies.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer and admiral during the Ming Dynasty who led seven maritime expeditions between 1405 and 1433. His voyages expanded Chinese influence across the Indian Ocean, establishing trade networks and diplomatic relations with various kingdoms. Zheng He's expeditions facilitated cultural exchanges and contributed to the globalization of trade, leaving a lasting impact on maritime exploration and international relations.