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Why is oxygen required for cellular respiration
It is the final electron acceptor
True or False: Glucose is the energy source for all cells
True
What does the Thylakoid Membrane act as?
It acts as the surface for light aborption and forms a compartment whose interior is called a lumen
What is the stroma?
the liquid interior of the chloroplast
Thylakoids are similar to what membrane in the Mitochondria
the inner membrane
What do light dependent reactions produce
ATP and NADPH
What does non cyclic photosynthesis produce?
Both ATP and NADPH
What does photosystem 2 do in non-cyclic photosynthesis?
usees electrons to produce an H+ gradient for making ATP
What does Photosystem 1 do in non- cyclic photosynthesis?
uses electrons to produce NADPH
What does cyclic photosynthesis produce?
Only ATP
What photosystem is used in cyclic photosynthesis and what does it do?
Photosystem 1, it uses electrons to produce an H+ gradient for making ATP
What does the thylakoid membrane hold?
collections of pigment molecules that can absorb and transfer the energy from light
True or false: The energy in light is captured by the head of a pigment molecule
True
True or False: Pigments absorb the same wavelength of light
False, they absorb light of various wavelengths
What is transferred through an electron transport chain?
Excited electrons
What does the transfer of excited electrons generate?
an H+ gradient that is used by ATP synthase to make ATP
What does reduced mean?
it gains electrons
What do oxidized reaction center pigments need to be in order to keep functioning
reduced
What is the function of a pigment molecule?
To absorb light energy
Do plant cells need mitochondria
Yes
What does carbon fixation use
chemical energy to form the covalent bonds of glucose
Where do the three phases of the calvin cycle take place
the stroma of chloroplasts
What does the calvin cycle lead to
the production of glucose
Calvin cycle step 1
Rubisco catalyzes the first step, which is RuBP joining with CO2 to form 3-PGA
Calvin cycle step 2
ATP and NADPH provide the energy to convert 3-PGA to G3P
Calvin cycle step 3
5 out of 6 G3P go back into the cycle while one G3P exits- this is the net product of the Calvin Cycle
Calvin cycle step 4
ATP is used to convert G3P to RuBP and the cycle continues
What is the output of the calvin cycle
G3P, which is used to make glucose
True or false: Rubisco is fast and specific
False, it is slow and not very specific
What do C4 plants do
control where rubisco and carbon fixation occurs
What do CAM Plants do
control when rubisco and carbon fixation occur
Where do autotrophs get their supply of glucose
by making it
What are the two forms of energy
ATP and NADH
What makes up ATP and what is it used for
Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. It is for immediate use
Where is energy in ATP primarily stored
the covalent bonds that link the phosphate groups
Is NADH for immediate use or use later?
Use later
How is NADH made
electrons are transferred from a molecule to NAD+, which reduces it to NADH
What is glycolysis
A series of reactions that provide energy to the cell through the conversion of glucose into pyruvate
What is central to a cells metabolism
glycolysis
What is the first step in cell metabolism
glycolysis
What does glycolysis produce
pyruvate
Pyruvate is used in what 2 things
fermentation and citric cycle/ etc
What is anaerobic respiration
ATP production with no oxygen available, fermentation
What is aerobic respiration
ATP production when oxygen is present
Where does glycolysis occur (organisms)
in all living things
Where does glycolysis occur (cellular level)
in the cytoplasm
What does glycolysis begin with
an energy investment phase of 2 ATP
What are the net products of glycoysis
two molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
How is ATP formed
substrate level phosphorylation
What is glucose regulated by
feedback inhibition
What does fermentation use
pyruvate and NADH
What kind of fermentation occurs in humans
lactic acid fermentation
What kind of fermentation occurs in yeast
alcohol fermentation
Where does cellular respiration occur
the mitochondria
Where does fermentation occur
the cytoplasm
True or false: pyruvate only moves into the mitochondria if O2 is available
true
Pyruvate oxidation results in the formation of what
Acetyl CoA
What reactions does Acetyl CoA enter into
The Krebs Cycle or the Citric Acid Cycle
Where do all reactions of the Krebs cycle take place
the Mitochondrial Matrix
What are the products of the Krebs cycle
CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP
What does the ETC result in
the production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient
What makes a lot of ATP using the H+ Gradient
ATP Synthase
True or false: One hydrogen ion results in the production of one ATP
True
What molecules are used in electron transport at the inner mitochondrial membrane
NADH and FADH2
How much ATP does the Krebs cycle yield
2 ATP
How much ATP does the ETC yield
26
How much ATP is produced per glucose molecule
30 ATP
True or false: eukaryotes are the only cells that use cellular respiration for ATP
False, prokaryotes also do it using the cell plasma membrane
Note 
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