CSUF Biol 151 Exam 3: Part 1

Study Set for Photosynthesis, Glycolysis, and Cellular Respiration

Why is oxygen required for cellular respiration

It is the final electron acceptor

True or False: Glucose is the energy source for all cells

True

What does the Thylakoid Membrane act as?

It acts as the surface for light aborption and forms a compartment whose interior is called a lumen

What is the stroma?

the liquid interior of the chloroplast

Thylakoids are similar to what membrane in the Mitochondria

the inner membrane

What do light dependent reactions produce

ATP and NADPH

What does non cyclic photosynthesis produce?

Both ATP and NADPH

What does photosystem 2 do in non-cyclic photosynthesis?

usees electrons to produce an H+ gradient for making ATP

What does Photosystem 1 do in non- cyclic photosynthesis?

uses electrons to produce NADPH

What does cyclic photosynthesis produce?

Only ATP

What photosystem is used in cyclic photosynthesis and what does it do?

Photosystem 1, it uses electrons to produce an H+ gradient for making ATP

What does the thylakoid membrane hold?

collections of pigment molecules that can absorb and transfer the energy from light

True or false: The energy in light is captured by the head of a pigment molecule

True

True or False: Pigments absorb the same wavelength of light

False, they absorb light of various wavelengths

What is transferred through an electron transport chain?

Excited electrons

What does the transfer of excited electrons generate?

an H+ gradient that is used by ATP synthase to make ATP

What does reduced mean?

it gains electrons

What do oxidized reaction center pigments need to be in order to keep functioning

reduced

What is the function of a pigment molecule?

To absorb light energy

Do plant cells need mitochondria

Yes

What does carbon fixation use

chemical energy to form the covalent bonds of glucose

Where do the three phases of the calvin cycle take place

the stroma of chloroplasts

What does the calvin cycle lead to

the production of glucose

Calvin cycle step 1

Rubisco catalyzes the first step, which is RuBP joining with CO2 to form 3-PGA

Calvin cycle step 2

ATP and NADPH provide the energy to convert 3-PGA to G3P

Calvin cycle step 3

5 out of 6 G3P go back into the cycle while one G3P exits- this is the net product of the Calvin Cycle

Calvin cycle step 4

ATP is used to convert G3P to RuBP and the cycle continues

What is the output of the calvin cycle

G3P, which is used to make glucose

True or false: Rubisco is fast and specific

False, it is slow and not very specific

What do C4 plants do

control where rubisco and carbon fixation occurs

What do CAM Plants do

control when rubisco and carbon fixation occur

Where do autotrophs get their supply of glucose

by making it

What are the two forms of energy

ATP and NADH

What makes up ATP and what is it used for

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. It is for immediate use

Where is energy in ATP primarily stored

the covalent bonds that link the phosphate groups

Is NADH for immediate use or use later?

Use later

How is NADH made

electrons are transferred from a molecule to NAD+, which reduces it to NADH

What is glycolysis

A series of reactions that provide energy to the cell through the conversion of glucose into pyruvate

What is central to a cells metabolism

glycolysis

What is the first step in cell metabolism

glycolysis

What does glycolysis produce

pyruvate

Pyruvate is used in what 2 things

fermentation and citric cycle/ etc

What is anaerobic respiration

ATP production with no oxygen available, fermentation

What is aerobic respiration

ATP production when oxygen is present

Where does glycolysis occur (organisms)

in all living things

Where does glycolysis occur (cellular level)

in the cytoplasm

What does glycolysis begin with

an energy investment phase of 2 ATP

What are the net products of glycoysis

two molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

How is ATP formed

substrate level phosphorylation

What is glucose regulated by

feedback inhibition

What does fermentation use

pyruvate and NADH

What kind of fermentation occurs in humans

lactic acid fermentation

What kind of fermentation occurs in yeast

alcohol fermentation

Where does cellular respiration occur

the mitochondria

Where does fermentation occur

the cytoplasm

True or false: pyruvate only moves into the mitochondria if O2 is available

true

Pyruvate oxidation results in the formation of what

Acetyl CoA

What reactions does Acetyl CoA enter into

The Krebs Cycle or the Citric Acid Cycle

Where do all reactions of the Krebs cycle take place

the Mitochondrial Matrix

What are the products of the Krebs cycle

CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP

What does the ETC result in

the production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient

What makes a lot of ATP using the H+ Gradient

ATP Synthase

True or false: One hydrogen ion results in the production of one ATP

True

What molecules are used in electron transport at the inner mitochondrial membrane

NADH and FADH2

How much ATP does the Krebs cycle yield

2 ATP

How much ATP does the ETC yield

26

How much ATP is produced per glucose molecule

30 ATP

True or false: eukaryotes are the only cells that use cellular respiration for ATP

False, prokaryotes also do it using the cell plasma membrane