3.3 Kidney Quiz

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osmoregulation

concentration of hemilyph or blood is kept in a certain range of water and materials

ammonia

toxic chemical in waste

interstitial fluid

fluid between the cells in the medulla

substances reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tube

water, sodium, glucose, and calcium

how is the length of the loop of Henle’ related to an organisms environment?

dryer habitats have a longer loop. longer loop means more water reabsorbed

how do water animals release ammonia?

release ammonia directly into the environment

how do terrrestrial animals release ammonia?

convert ammonia into urea

how do insects and birds release ammonia?

convert ammonia into uric acid

what is the job of the human kidney?

osmoregulation

describe the decending limb

water moves freely between membrae and solutes are removed through passive transport

describe the ascending limb

lets solute out through the membrane through active and passive transport while being impermeable to water.

how does the kidney regulate low solute concentration?

only a little water will be reabsorbed in the duct and tube to maintain homeostasis, allowing more water to be excreted in urine.

how does the kidney regulate high concentration?

the pituitary gland causes you to release ADH which causes you to absorb more water

renal vein

leaves kidney

lower glucose concentration

deoxygenated

high partial pressure of CO2

renal artery

supplies blood to the kidney

oxygenatesd

high glucose concentration

urea, toxins, and substances

fenestrations

allow fluid to escape but not blood cells

basement membrane

negatively charged proteins that forma mesh to keep negatively charged plasma proteins form being filtered

podocytes

help keep small particles from being filtered out

bowman’s capsule

collects fluid filtered from the blood

proximal convoluted tube

twisted section of the nephron with many microvilli and mitochondria

reabsorbs water, sodium, calcium ions and glucose

loop of henle

tube with descending limb that carries filtrate into the medulla of the kidney and ascending limb that brings it back to the cortex

distal convoluted tube

twisted section with fewer microvilli and mitochondria

collecting duct

carries filtrate back thorugh the cortex and medulla to the pelvis

afferent arteriole

blood from the renal artery

glomerulus

capillary blood for filtration, bed of capillaries

efferent arteriole

narrow vessule that helps generate pressure

peritubular capilllaries

absorbs fluid from the convoluted tubules

vasa recta

capillary blood supply for the Loop

carry blood to the medulla and back to the cortex

venules

carries blood to the renal vein