Nutrition/Metabolism Part 2

Fiber

________ is important in the diet because it helps with.

Insulin

________ is released when blood glucose levels increase → fed state.

Hormone sensitive

________ lipase in adipose tissue gets activated by high glucagon & low insulin levels.

Fatty acids

________ do not cross the blood- brain barrier easily.

Whole grains

________ control blood sugar levels better than refined carbohydrates.

Cellulose

________ is a glucose polymer where the glucose molecules are joined together in $ $ β- 1, 4 glycosidic linkages $ $ (a bond between carbon 1 of one glucose molecule and carbon 6 of another glucose molecule where the OH on carbon 1 points below the ring)

Fats

________ are stored in the body as triglycerides- a glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acid chains.

Ammonia

________ is highly toxic and is made into urea in the liver and kidneys.

Starch

________ is a glucose polymer where the glucose molecules are joined together in α- 1, 4 glycosidic linkages (a bond between carbon 1 of one glucose molecule and carbon 4 of another glucose molecule where the OH on carbon 1 points below the ring)

Protein

________ is an essential nutrient.

Glucagon

________ is released when blood glucose levels decrease → fasting state.

Proteins

________ are made of 20 different amino acids.

Basal metabolism involuntary processes

________ required for life.

glucose 6 phosphate

Glucose gets phosphorylated to ________ (G6P)

Cellulose passes

________ through the gut and gives bulk to stoolFiber and Health.

Lipase breaks

________ triglycerides into 3 fatty acids and glycerol by hydrolysis.

RBCs

________ have no mitochondria.

Lean body mass

________ (muscle) has a higher BMR than fat body mass.

essential amino acids

There are 9 ________ that can not be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

carbon skeletons of glucogenic amino acids

The ________ can be modified into glucoseCarbohydrates.

Starch

________ and glycogen are glucose polysaccharides.

Fiber

________ can also reduce blood pressure and inflammation.

fatty acids

It is very dependent on glucose and can not use ________ for energy.

Cellulose

________ is indigestible in humans because we do not make an enzyme to digest β- 1, 4 glycosidic linkages.

Fatty acids

________ provide the energy for gluconeogenesis to occur but the carbons themselves come from amino acids.