module 10: psychological disorders and health

psychopathology

abnormal psychology

psychopathology

branch of psychology that deals with psychological disorders and mental illness

psychopathology

includes study of symptoms, etiology, and treatments

psychological disorders

conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

DSM-V

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

APA

american psychiatric association

depression

sadness, loss of pleasure, hopelessness, worthlessness

amygdala, prefrontal cortex, serotonin

abnormal activity in brain restulting in depression

persistent depressive disorder

PDD

post-partum depression

PPD

major depressive disorder

MDD

depression

suicide and suicide risk

depression

diathesis-stress model

depression

beck’s negative cognitive triad; cognitive theory

depression

hopelessness theory; cognitive theory

depression

rumination; cognitive theory

bipolar disorder

mood states that vacillate between mania and depression

manic episode

increase activity and energy

manic episode

flight of ideas

manic episode

grandiosity, engaging in risky behaviors

manic episode

can lead to involuntary hospitalization

bipolar disorder

90% comorbidity rate; anxiety disorders and substance abuse

bipolar disorder

higher in men than women

bipolar disorder

high suicide rates; 36% attempt; 15-19% complete

generalized anxiety disorder

excessive, uncontrollable worry

generalized anxiety disorder

unaware of source

panic disorder

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks

panic disorder

racing heart, breathlessness, dizziness, shortness of breath

panic disorder

locus coeruleus-norepinephrine

anxiety

unusual feelings of dread, fearfulness, or terror

obsessive-compulsive disorder

repetitive thoughts that provoke anxiety

obsessive-compulsive disorder

lead to repetitive behaviors

obsessive-compulsive disorder

orbitofrontal cortex- learning and decision making

phobia

intense and irrational fears of specific objects or events

phobias

go to great lengths to avoid stimulus

agoraphobia

avoidance of places difficult to escape or receive help with panic attack

social anxiety disorder

fear, anxiety, and avoidance of social situations

somatoform disorders

physical symptoms with no medical explanation

hypochondriasis

preoccupied with bodily symptoms

hypochondriasis

fear of having disease or illness

hypochondriasis

can’t be reassured by doctors

conversion disorders

neurological symptoms with no medical cause

dissociative disorders

fragmentation of personality

dissociative amnesia

unable to recall personally relevant information

dissociative fugue

suddenly and unexpectedly can’t recall past or identity

dissociative fugue

may take on different identity

dissociative identity disorder

two or more distinctly different identities

dissociative identity disorder

most report childhood trauma

depersonalization

detachment form whole self or aspects of self

derealization

detachment from world

derealization

feeling like in a fog or dream

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

hallucinations, delusions

hallucinations

convincing sensory experiences in the absence of the external stimuli; schizophrenia

delusions

false beliefs despite contrary evidence; schizophrenia

delusions

paranoid, grandiose, or somatic'; schizophrenia

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

emotional flatness, nonresponsiveness, avolition, alogia, anhedonia

anhedonia

inability to experience pleasure; schizophrenia

alogia

reduction of speech; schizophrenia

avolition

reduction of motivation and drive; schizophrenia

motor symptoms of schizophrenia

catatonia

catatonia

odd movements and postures

cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

disorganized thinking, word salad

personality disorders

personality style that differs markedly from expectations of culture

personality disorders

pervasive and inflexible

personality disorders

conflict with others, difficulty maintaining relationships

cluster A personality disorders

odd or eccentric

cluster A personality disorders

paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder

cluster B personality disorders

impulsive, dramatic, erratic

cluster B personality disorders

histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality

cluster C personality disorders

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorder

cluster C personality disorders

nervous, fearful

supernatural perspective

historically believed-force beyond scientific understanding

supernatural perspective

black magic or possessed by spirits

biological perspective

genetic factors, chemical imbalances, brain abnormalities

diathesis-stress model

biological and psychological factors

stress

perception and response

stress

events appraised as threatening

eustress

good stress

distress

over optimal level of stress

distress

feel burnt out

stress

can increase sensitivity to pain

stress

can cause immune system, psychological, and/or cardiovascular disorders

problem-focused coping style

trying to alleviate source of stress

emotion-focused coping style

reappraisal-stressor construed differently

stress-reduction techniques

exercise, meditation, biofeedback