Harmony NATZ VER!!!

When and where was common-practice harmony invented?

Europe in the Middle Ages

When was common practice harmony codified?

1750

What is a chord?

Three or more pitches at the same time

What are the most basic chords in music?

A triad built on each note of the scale

What is the MAIN reason the key signature is used?

It is convenient

What major keys have 6 sharps/flats?

Gflat and F#

What minor keys have 6 sharps/flats?

Eflat and d#

What key uses the same paino keys as C# major?

Dflat

What key uses the same piano keys as C# major?

Cflat

What key uses the same piano keys as a# minor?

Bflat minor

What minor key uses the same piano keys as aflat minor?

G# minor

What are the most consonant chords?

The ones that stress the lower partials on the overtone series

An octave with a _____ added above the bass is very consonant

Fifth

What triad is very consonant?

A major, especially with the root doubled

If you play F and B together, what are the most natural resolutions?

Gflat and Bflat or E and C

The “quality” of a triad refers to…

If it is major, minor, etc.

The pattern connecting diatonic triads is based on..

The circle of fifths

What are major triads in the major key?

1, 4, and 5

What are the minor triads in major keys?

2, 3, and 6

What are the most common pre-dominant harmonies?

IV and ii

What is chord progression?

A chain of triads where each pulls to the next

What do bass lines typically play?

The root of the harmony

What clef does bass use?

Bass clef

What is the most final sounding bass line?

One that descends a fifth, 5 to 1

What is the dominant triad of C?

G-B-D

What keys does the dominant seventh chord contain?

5-7-2-4

What is the V7 chord of C major?

G-B-D-F

The V7 chord has a tritone between….

7-4

What note does the V7 chord add?

A note a m7 away from the root

How does a diminished triad function?

The same as V7

What are the most common embellishing notes?

6, 7, and 9th above the root

What pitch do composers sometimes omit in the triad?

The fifth

What is the easiest way to modulate to a new key?

Create the V7 of the new key and resolve it to the tonic

Composers generally used chromaticism to…

Be more expressive

When did people begin to pursue ways to portray emotion and individuality in music?

The 19th century Romantic era

When did Schoenberg ‘emancipate the dissonance’?

1910

Why was Schoenberg’s music known as atonal?

It lacked a fixed tonal center

By ____, Schoenberg made the twelve-tone method

1925

What protégés of Schoenberg used his methods extensively in the 1930s?

Anton Webern and Alban Berg

Twelve-tone and “serial” techniques caught on more widely after…

WWII

Who created and categorized noises?

Luigi Russolo

What strategies did Debussy and Stravinsky use?

Non-functional harmonies, unusual keys, and polytonality

What did composers rejecting common practice harmony do instead of linear music?

Circular, meditative, or static