siler WW1 unit test

Imperialism

The policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories

Alfred T. Mahan

a military historian and an officer in the united states navy, played a key role in transforming america into a naval power

Queen Lilvokalani

a determined Hawaiian nationalist, resented the increasing power of white planters (owned much of Hawaiian land). She abolished the constitution that gave political power to the white minority

Sanford B. Dole

An influential lawyer, asked president benjamin harrison to annex hawaii to the united states

Yellow press

Rival newspaper publications that heightened the public’s dislike of the spanish government. They featured a popular comic- strip character called the Yellow Kid

Jingoism

aggressive nationalism and inflamed relations with spain

Emilio Aguinaldo

led filipino nationalists that defended the spanish army

Treaty of paris (spanish american war)

treaty signed by spain and the united states in D

insurrection

rebellion against U.S. rule

Guerrilla warfare

a form of non traditional warfare generally involving small binds of fighters attacking behind enemy lines

Spheres of influence

a region dominated and controlled by an outside power

“Gentlemen’s Agreement”

a pact between the united states and japan to end segregation of asian children in san francisco public schools, in return japan agreed to limit the emigration of its citizens to the United States

Foraker Act

law establishing a civil government in Puerto Rico.

Platt Amendment

set of conditions under which cuba was granted independence in 1902, including restrictions on rights of cubans and granting the U.S. the “right to intervene” to preserve order in cuba

“Big Stick” Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelts policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve America’s goals

Panama canal

human-made waterway linking the atlantic to the pacific across the Isthmus of Panama

Roosevelt Corollary

President Theodore Roosevelt’s reassertion of the monroe doctrine to keep the western Hemisphere free from intervention of European powers

“dollar diplomacy”

president Toft’s policy of expanding American Investments abroad

“moral diplomacy”

woodrow wilson’s statement that the U.S. would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead work to promote human rights

Francisco “pancho” villa

A mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader rebels that rose up under the new carranza Government were lead by him

Western Front

battle front between the Allies and central powers in western Europe during World War 1

Contraband

goods prohibited by law or treaty from being imported or exported

Lusitania

British passenger liner sunk by a German U-Boat during World War 1

Zimmermann note

Telegram written by german foreign Minister Zimmermann proposing an alliance between mexico and the united states during world war 1

selective service act

Act passed by congress in 1917 authorizing a draft of men for military services

Committee on public information (CPI)

Federal government agency created during World War 1 to encourage Americans to support the war

Conscientious objectors

person whose moral or religious beliefs forbid him or her to fight in wars

Espionage Act

Act passed by congress in 1917 enacting severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasurable activities

Great Migrations

movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the south to the north

John j pershing

the commander of the U.S. forces in Europe commanded the American Expeditionary forces

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

American forces in europe during world war 1

Fourteen points

list of terms for resolving world war 1 and future wars outlined by american president woodrow wilson

Self-determination

The right of people to choose their own form of government

League of nations

World organization established after world war 1 to promote peaceful cooperation among countries

Reparations

payment for war damages

irreconcilables

isolationist senators who oppose any treaty ending world war 1 that had a League of Nations folded into it.

Militarism

the build up of arms and weapons

Alliances

Treaties between various countries caused a domino effect when one of them went to war

Nationalism

People in the countries develop rivalries with other countries because they believe their country is better

cause of WWI

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What kind of war did germany have to fight

a two-front war

Western front was what?

mostly a war of attrition (reducing the strength)

Isolationist

Americans wanted to stay neutral

what were germans often depicted as?

Gorilla’s with hats by media

what held America back?

Money, lives, imperialist squabble

causes?

German U-boats stinking the Lusitania and U.S. merchant ships, Zimmerman Note, Wilson wanted to stay out, but eventually has to change his mind because of these sinkings

declaration of war against Germany

April 2^nd, 1917

who was U.S. general?

John J Pershing

good info

On October 8, 1918, armed only with a rifle and a revolver, York killed 25 Germans and with 6 other doughboys- captured 132 prisoners, Tennessean

Herbert Hoover

Instead of rationing food, he called on people to follow the "gospel of the clean plate." He declared one day a week "meatless," another "sweetless," two days "wheatless," and two other days "porkless." Restaurants removed sugar bowls from the table and served bread only after the first course.

George Creel

Head of committee for public information (propaganda)

Convoy systems

surrounded our merchant ships with destroyers and cruisers (cut losses to U-boats in hall)

The perishing push

U.S. reinforcements and recourses gave Allies huge boost

Second battle of the marine (Nov. 1918)

Allies stop the German advance (40 miles) and begin offensive.

more good info

Germans ask for armistice on Nov. 11^th 1918 after widespread mutinies and loss of confidence in gov.

what split up Austria-Hungary and Germany into multiple countries

Treaty of Versailles

protectorates

Former O.E. now mandates controlled by Allied countries

what prevented future wars?

the League of Nations

who was said to have caused the entire war?

German aggression

Western German bordering France

Had to demilitarize the Rhineland

High Reparations

War Payments

was was the goal?

weakening Germany so they could never “start another World War”

what were the germans not allowed to have?

a navy or air force, only small army

what did wilson believe?

Each ethnic group should have a right to their own country (self-rule)

what was never ratified by congress

the Treaty of Versailles

why did the U.S. not accept the league of nations

Worried it would threaten US sovereignty (the authority of a state to govern itself)

impacts on life (negative)

Deaths: 8.5 million in battle, 13 million civilians (Total War), 21.2 million wounded

Cost: 332 billion (4.4 trillion today)

Depression cycle

Countries like Germany had to borrow in order to run their countries. They used this borrowed money to pay back reparations to the countries they owed money

impacts (positive)

Carrie Chapman Catt headed up NAWSA and used the “winning plan” to slowly gain voting rights in states (Anna Dallas Dudley) and continue pressure for national legislation

Alice Paul

More aggressive leader in the suffrage movement

what was another result?

Hunger strikes

impact for women

Women’s support for the war pushed them over the finish line- 19^th Amendment was passed by congress in 1919

Ratified in 1920 when TN became the perfect 36^th (3/4 of states are required to ratify an Amendment)

the most decorated unit in WW1

Harlem Hell Fighters (African American)

1918 Spanish Flu

spread by the flow of millions of troops around the world (killed over 40 million-more than WW1 and WWII military deaths combined)

U.S. finally does what in the end?

returns to isolationism