Repsiration - VST 231 Lecture - Asprea

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(URT):

Upper Respiratory Tract

Parts of the URT:

Nose & nasal passages, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea

(LRT):

Lower Respiratory Tract.

Parts of (LRT):

Bronchi → alveoli

Nares:

Nostrils.

Nasal septum:

Divides left and right.

Turbinates =

Nasal conchae (increase surface area).

Nasal meatus:

“passageways” (mainly 3: dorsal, middle, ventral)

Lining:

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, Mucous glands, Rich vascular network.

Mucous glands:

(Trap Particles.)

Rich vascular network:

warming.

Functions of the Nares and Nasal Passages:

Warming, Humidifying, Filtering, Common site of respiratory infections

Warming:

(via blood vessels)

Humidifying:

(mucus)

Filtering:

(cilia + mucus → mucociliary escalator)

Paranasal Sinuses:

Air-filled cavities in skull-bones.

Main types of sinuses:

Frontal Sinuses, Maxillary Sinuses. (Also cilated)

Sinus clinical term:

Sinusitis.

Sinusitis:

(Inflammation → nasal dischare, facial swelling)

Pharynx:

Throat

Nasopharynx vs. Oropharynx

(air) vs. (food/air)

Criss-cross with esophagus:

choking risk.

Larynx:

“Voice box”

“Voice box”

connects pharynx to trachea.

Cartilage segments:

Epiglottis, Arytenoid cartilage, Thyroid Cartilage

Epiglottis:

Most rostral, closes when swallowing.

Arytenoid cartilage:

vocal cord attachment, defines glottis.

Thyroid cartilage:

“Adam’s apple”.

Larynx functions:

Voice production, prevent aspiration, Regulate airflow

Larynx clinical term:

Roaring in horses.

Roaring in horses:

laryngeal hemiplegia (left recurrent laryngeal nerve damage).

Trachea:

“Windpipe”