Fractures, Muscles, and the Central Nervous System

Flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions from Chapters on Fractures, Muscles, and the Central Nervous System.

Closed fracture

A fracture that does not break through the skin, resulting in no exposure.

Open fracture (Compound fracture)

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin, exposing the bone.

Nondisplaced fracture

A fracture where the bone remains in its normal alignment.

Displaced fracture

A fracture where the bone is pulled out of its normal alignment.

Colles Fracture

A distal radius fracture that commonly occurs from falling onto an outstretched hand.

Comminuted fracture

A fracture where the bone is crushed into several small pieces, often seen in high-impact accidents.

Compression fracture

A fracture typical of vertebrae that compress on themselves, often caused by falls or osteoporosis.

Depressed fracture

A fracture where the cranium is fractured inward, typically from impact with an object.

Greenstick fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken on only one side, commonly seen in children.

Spiral fracture

A fracture caused by a twisting force, often due to falls or sports injuries.

Hairline fracture

A very thin fracture line where bone pieces remain together, often difficult to see on x-ray.

OA

Osteoarthritis.

RA

Rheumatoid arthritis.

ESWT

Extrasonic wave transmission.

ROM

Range of motion.

NSAID

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

AKA/BKA

Above/below knee amputation.

THR

Total hip replacement.

ORIF

Open reduction and internal fixation.

Flexion

Bending a joint to decrease the angle.

Extension

Straightening a muscle to increase the angle.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

Hypothalamus

Part of the brain that maintains homeostasis and coordinates with the pons and medulla oblongata.

Medulla oblongata

Part of the brain that sets respiratory and heart rate.

Dendrite

A structure of neurons that means 'branching'.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the membrane covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Dysphasia

Having the condition of difficulty speaking.

Intracranial

Pertaining to within the cranium.

CP

Cerebral palsy.

TIA

Transient ischemic attack.

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid.