Lesson 12 - Medical Terminology

peri-

around

stal-

send

enteroparesis

slowing of peristaltic

sphincter

circular muscle that opens and constricts to manage the movement of substances through the body

peps-

digest

chlorohydr-

levels of this acid in the stomach

cardi-

the cardia (or heart)

cardioesophageal

affecting the cardia and esophagus

pylor-

bottom/end of the stomach (pylor)

inflammation of hepatic/cystic duct is called…

cholangitis

occurrence of hardened bile in the gallbladder is…

cholelithiasis

inflammation of the common bile duct is called..

choledochitis

removal of a stone from either the gallbladder of the common bile duct

cholangiotomy

creation of bypass between the common bile duct and the intestines

choledochoenterostomy

duoden-

duodenum (first of three divisions of the small intestine)

jejunum and ileum

the latter divisions of the small intestine

large intestine consists of the

cecum, colon, and rectum

cec- / typhl-

cecum

col- / colon-

colon

rect-

rectum

sigmoid-

sigmoid colon

endoscopy

variety of procedures where the inside of the body is examined

sigmoidoscopy

examines only the sigmoid colon

colonoscopy

examines the rectum and colon

proctoscopy

examines only the rectum

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

enters through the mouth and examines as far down as the duodenum

colostomy

surgical creation of an opening from the outside of the body into the colon

duodenojejunostomy

refers to the surgical creation of a new opening between the duodenum and the jejunum

jejunojejunostomy

the surgical creation of a new opening between two places in the jejunum

pancreat-

pancreas

-clysis

fluid injection

vesic-

bladder

diverticul-

pockets in the intestinal wall

sial-

saliva or salivary ducts

sialadenitis

inflammation of a salivary gland

sialolith

mineral deposit that may form in a salivary gland

sialoschesis

suppression in the flow of saliva

-sche-

suppression

sialocele

accumulation of saliva in bodily tissues

gingiv-

gums or gingiva

gingivitis

inflammation of gum tissue

pylor-

pylorus (end of the stomach)

pyloric stenosis

narrowing of the pylorus

pylorospasm

common in infants - pyloric sphincter muscle not relaxing and allowing food out of the stomach

pyle-

portal vein / hepatic portal vein (HPV)

zym- / enzyme-

enzymes or fermentation

fermentation

metabolism through the action of enzymes

zymogenic

describes something which causes fermentation

enzymopathy

any metabolic disorder originating from enzymes

azymia

absence of an enzyme within the body

izozyme

several distinct enzymes which perform the same chemical reaction

pepsin

an enzyme breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach

ptyal-

saliva

steat- / stear-

fat