NCEA Level 3 Organic Identification Tests

Insoluble in water, two layers form

Nonpolar organic molecule (alkane, alkene, or alkyne), polar but can't form hydrogen bonds (haloalkane), or polar but 5+ carbon chain.

Weak base, will turn red litmus blue, UI to blue, fishy smell

amine

Acidified dichromate orange to green & acidified permanganate purple to colorless

primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, and aldehydes

Weak acid, will turn, blue litmus red, UI to orange, bubbles with metal, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, sharp vinegar/baby vomit smell

carboxylic acid

Tollens' will form silver mirror and Fehling's & Benedict's from blue to orange/red ppt

aldehyde

React violently with water, making HCl fumes

acid chloride

Pleasant fruity smell

ester

Br2 water rapidly decolorizes from orange to colorless

alkene or alkyne

Soluble in water

alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides that are C1-4/5 and very small esters

Acidified permanganate purple to colorless (w/o heat) or nonacidified permanganate purple to brown ppt (no heat)

alkene, forming a diol

Br2 water slowly decolorizes from orange to colorless with UV and/or heat

alkane