Animal Nutrition Exam 3 - Water Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

B-complex and Vitamin C

Storage

Not stored except B12

Need for intake

Daily intake required

Destroyed by

Heat and processing

Main function of B vitamins

Coenzymes in metabolism

B vitamins role

Energy production, cell maintenance, blood formation

Animals that synthesize B vitamins

Ruminants and herbivores

B1 name

Thiamine

B1 function

Carbohydrate metabolism

B1 deficiency

Nervous system dysfunction

B1 deficiency disease

Polyneuritis and Chastek paralysis

B1 destroyed by

Heat

B2 name

Riboflavin

B2 function

Oxidation-reduction reactions

B2 destroyed by

Light

B2 deficiency

Poor growth, mouth lesions, hair loss, diarrhea

B3 name

Niacin

B3 function

Energy metabolism (glycolysis)

B3 precursor

Tryptophan

Animals that cannot make niacin

Cats

Niacin availability in corn

Bound and unavailable (niacinogen)

B3 deficiency

Black tongue, pellagra, spectacled eyes

B5 name

Pantothenic acid

B5 function

Part of Coenzyme A

B5 deficiency

Rare, causes poor growth and goose-stepping

B6 name

Pyridoxine

B6 active form

Pyridoxal

B6 function

Amino acid metabolism

B6 role

Converts tryptophan to niacin

B6 deficiency

Convulsions, weak immunity

B7 name

Biotin

B7 function

Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

B7 special note

Avidin in raw egg whites blocks absorption

B7 deficiency

Dermatitis and hair loss

B7 sources

Liver, eggs, milk, vegetables

B9 name

Folic acid

B9 function

DNA synthesis and cell division

B9 works with

Vitamin B12

B9 deficiency

Megaloblastic anemia

B12 name

Cobalamin

B12 unique feature

Contains cobalt

B12 synthesis

Made by microorganisms

B12 absorption requirement

Intrinsic factor and calcium

B12 function

Red blood cell formation and nerve function

B12 deficiency

Anemia and neurological issues

B12 storage

Liver

Vitamin C name

Ascorbic acid

Vitamin C function

Collagen synthesis and antioxidant

Vitamin C role

Bone formation and wound healing

Animals that cannot synthesize Vitamin C

Primates and guinea pigs

Vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy

Scurvy symptoms

Poor wound healing, bleeding, weak bones, anemia