The great depression

How did the New Deal restore confidence among Americans?

It gave people a sense that the government was taking action, banks became trusted again, and millions gained jobs and hope.

Which groups benefited from the New Deal?

Unemployed workers, farmers, the elderly (through Social Security), and young men (through the CCC).

Which groups did the New Deal not adequately support?

African Americans faced discrimination in some programs, women received fewer job opportunities, and Mexican American migrant workers were often excluded.

What was the legacy of the New Deal regarding federal government responsibility?

The government became responsible for managing the economy, providing social welfare, protecting workers' rights, and regulating banks and businesses.

What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play during the New Deal?

She transformed the role of the First Lady into an active political position, advocating for women and minorities.

What were the arguments in favor of the New Deal?

It provided immediate help, reformed the financial system, and increased government responsibility for citizens.

What were the criticisms against the New Deal?

It increased government size, did not fully solve unemployment, and some programs discriminated against certain groups.

What were Fireside Chats?

Radio addresses by President FDR to speak directly to the American people, explaining government actions and restoring confidence.

What was the purpose of the Bank Holiday initiated by FDR?

To close all banks temporarily, inspect them, and reopen only the financially stable ones to restore trust.

What were the three main goals of New Deal legislation?

Relief (direct help for those suffering), Recovery (programs to rebuild the economy), and Reform (changes to prevent another Depression).

What was the CCC and what did it do?

The Civilian Conservation Corps provided jobs to young men in conservation projects, such as building parks and preventing soil erosion.

What did the Social Security Act provide?

Pensions for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid for disabled and poor families.

What was the role of the FDIC?

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured bank deposits, preventing bank runs and restoring trust.

What did the WPA accomplish?

The Works Progress Administration provided millions of jobs building infrastructure like roads, schools, and bridges.

What was the TVA and its impact?

The Tennessee Valley Authority built dams, provided electricity, improved farming, prevented floods, and created jobs.

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

Overproduction of goods, uneven distribution of wealth, high consumer debt, decline in international trade, and a weak banking system.

What triggered the stock market crash of 1929?

It occurred due to over-speculation, leading to a sudden drop in stock prices and investor panic.

What is a stock?

A share of ownership in a company, bought with the hope that its value will increase for profit.

What is credit?

Borrowed money that must be repaid later, often with interest, which led many into debt during the 1920s.

What impact did the Great Depression have on banks?

Many banks failed because they couldn't recover loans, and without deposit insurance, people lost their savings when banks collapsed.

How did the Great Depression affect families and children?

Families faced unemployment, hunger, and homelessness, leading many children to drop out of school to work.

What was Hoover's philosophy regarding government aid during the Great Depression?

Hoover believed in rugged individualism and thought government aid would make people dependent, preferring to help businesses first.

What was the Bonus Army March?

A protest by World War I veterans demanding early payment of promised bonuses, which was violently dispersed by Hoover's orders.