Introduction to Neurons!!

Santiago Ramon Y Cajal

• Spanish scientist discovered structure of neuron in 1906 nobel prize

• Neurons are distinct entities that communicate via synapses

• Draws of neurons illustrating structure

How are neurons unique?

• Post-mitotic: Do not divide after maturity

• Excitable & input from other neurons

• Asymmetric elongated shape (highly polarised proteins & structures)

Types of Synapses

Boutons

Enlarged endings of axons at a synapse that has neurotransmitters.

Dendritic Spines

• Small protrusions on a neuron that receive input on a axon.

• This increases surface area so they can receive more signals.

• Present on most excitatory synapses in the CNS

• Different morphologies (shapes)

Chemical Synapse & Gap Junction

Morphology

• Number of processes extending from the cell body.

• Multipolar neurons are the most common type in humans.