AP Psychology - Unit 2 Vocabulary - Vocabulary #3

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Spacing Effect

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vocab test on 11/18/24

26 Terms

1

Spacing Effect

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

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2

Testing Effect

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. also referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning

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3

Shallow Processing

encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

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4

Deep Processing

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

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5

Semantic Memory

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of two conscious memory systems

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6

Episodic Memory

explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of two conscious memory systems

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7

Hippocampus

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit (conscious) memories — of facts and events — for storage

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8

Memory Consolidation

the neural storage of a long-term memory

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9

Flashbulb Memory

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

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10

Priming

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response

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11

Encoding Specificity Principle

the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

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12

Mood Congruent Memory

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s good or bad mood

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13

Serial Position Effect

our tendency to recall the best items in a list initially (a recency effect) and the first items in a list after a delay (a primary effect)

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14

Anterograde amnesia

an inability to form new memories

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15

Retrograde Amnesia

an inability to remember information from one’s past

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16

Proactive (forward-facing) Interference

the forward-facing disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information

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17

Retroactive (backward-facing) Interference

the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information

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18

Repress

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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19

Reconsolidation

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

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20

Misinformation Effect

occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

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21

Source Amnesia

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined (as when misattributing information to a wrong source). source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories

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22

Deja Vu

that eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before.” cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

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23

Correlation Coefficient

a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1.00 to +1.00)

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24

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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25

General Intelligence (g)

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

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26

Factor Analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

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