ranking acids and conjugate bases rules fucking learn these bro.

what is the order used for ranking conjugate bases

C- charge

A- atom

R- resonance

I- induction

O- orbitals

What does a negative charge do to the electrons around a nucleus

-raises the number of them

-electrons cant get close due to repulsion, so they end up spreading out (having a bigger electron cloud)

What does a positive charge do to the electrons around a nucleus

-decreases number of electrons around nucleus, attracts electrons closer to nucleus

-lowers the energy and make it less reactive

when is charge relevant…?

when comparing acids and their conjugate bases, or  vice versa

When looking at atoms while comparing bases when does basicity increase?

as the atom gets smaller and less electronegative

Smaller base makes a ______ bond to a proton (longer or shorter)

shorter (also stronger)

Is a smaller base a stronger or weaker base?

Stronger base

When going from R—>L within a same period, what are we concerned about for ranking basicity?

the electronegativity of atoms

Is a less electronegative base a weaker or a stronger base?

stronger base and less stable base

when looking at a same group, what are we concerned about for ranking basicity?

the size of atoms and stability of conjugate bases

When comparing acids what should you do?

-always draw out the conjugate base!

-the weaker base will be the stronger acid!!

Does resonance stabilize bases?

Yes, something without resonance will be less stable and therefore a stronger base.