HBS 4.1 Urinary System

urinary system

The body system which eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

kidneys

major organs of the urinary system

ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

bladder

stores urine

adrenal gland

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

antidiuretic hormone

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water

renal capsule

covers outer surface of kidney

renal cortex

outer region of the kidney; where blood is filtered

renal medulla

inner portion of the kidney

calyx

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

renal pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

bowman's capsule

surrounds the glomerulus

glomerulus

small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place

nephron

functional unit of the kidney

proximal convoluted tubule

Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

distal convoluted tubule

Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium

Loop of Henle

section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine

collecting duct

the location in the kidney where processed filtrate, called urine, is collected from the renal tubules

filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles; occurs at Bowman's capsule in the renal cortex

reabsorption

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

secretion

movement of material to be eliminated from the blood to the filtrate

excretion

the process by which wastes are removed from the body

afferent arteriole

The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.

efferent arteriole

The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.

filtrate

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney

diuresis

increased formation and secretion of urine

diuretic

agent that increases urine output; caffeine and alcohol are two examples

antidiuretic hormone

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water

diabetes insipidus

antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect

glomerular filtration rate

amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute

UACR

urine albumin to creatinine ratio

chronic kidney disease

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years

dialysis

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

clinical algorithm

step-by-step guidelines prepared in a flowchart format

urinalysis

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

polycystic kidney disease

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

Aldosterone

Aldosterone (ALD) is a hormone that helps regulate your blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium (salt) and potassium in your blood and impacting blood volume. Having too much or too little aldosterone in your body can cause health issues.It is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a vital role in the body's electrolyte and fluid balance.

transplant

an operation in which an organ or tissue is transplanted