Acids, Bases, and Salts

Flashcards covering the characteristic properties of acids and bases, their reactions, and their effects on indicators.

What is an acid?

A chemical with a pH value less than 7.

What is a salt?

A compound formed when metal ions replace hydrogen ions in an acid.

Give examples of dilute acids.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3).

Which metals react with dilute acids?

Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react.

What is formed when a dilute acid reacts with a metal?

A salt and hydrogen gas.

What role do metal oxides and metal hydroxides play with acids?

They act as bases.

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

A salt and water.

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

A salt and water.

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A salt, water, and carbon dioxide.

What happens to blue litmus paper when an acid is added?

It turns red.

What happens to red litmus paper when an acid is added?

It stays red.

What happens to thymolphthalein when an acid is added?

It stays colorless.

What happens to methyl orange when an acid is added?

It turns red.

What are bases?

Oxides and hydroxides of metals.

What are alkalis?

Bases that dissolve in aqueous solution.

Give three examples of alkalis.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH3).

What is formed when an ammonium salt is warmed with a base?

A salt, water, and ammonia gas.

What happens to blue litmus paper when an alkali is added?

It stays blue.

What happens to red litmus paper when an alkali is added?

It turns blue.

What happens to thymolphthalein when an alkali is added?

It turns blue.

What happens to methyl orange when an alkali is added?

It turns yellow.

What ions do aqueous solutions of acids contain?

H+ ions.

What ions do aqueous solutions of alkalis contain?

OH- ions.

What is the range of values on the pH scale?

0 - 14

What is the pH value of an acid?

Less than 7.

What is the pH value of an alkali?

Above 7.

What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

7

What color will a neutral solution show on universal indicator paper?

It becomes green.

What happens during a neutralization reaction?

Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions combine to form water.

What is a proton donor?

releases hydrogen ions

What is a proton acceptor?

accepts hydrogen ions

What is a strong acid?

An acid that completely dissociates in aqueous solution.

What is a weak acid?

An acid that only partially dissociates in aqueous solution.

What is an example of a strong acid?

Hydrochloric acid.

What is an example of a weak acid?

Ethanoic acid.