Topic Four: Tudors and Reformation

List the Tudor monarchs in order of their rule.

Henry 7

Henry 8

Edward 6

Lady Jane Grey (optional)

Mary 1

Elizabeth 1

When was the Tudor period?

1485 - Acession of H7 and end of wars of roses

1603 - elizabeth dies and James 1 takes over

What caused the English Reformation?

wanted to marry Anne Boylen and have a legitimate heir but was already married to catherine

Pope wouldn't let him annul the marriage

H created his own church that would.

How did the Anglican Tudor monarchs (Henry VIII, Edward, and Elizabeth) and their ministers (most notably Cromwell and Cranmer) change religious practices and beliefs to form the Anglican Church?

Lotta reforms

- Establishing Royal Supremacy

- Promoting the English Bible

- Introducing Doctrinal Changes

- Dissolution of the Monasteries

- Introducing Vernacular Services

- Building Continental Ties

•Did not deny Christ's presence in Eucharist or teach Faith Alone

•Denied belief in purgatory

•Denied intercession to saints

•Denounced images (soon - iconoclasm)

•Relics of saints removed

•Burying in churchyard (outside church, not inside)

•Pilgrimages discouraged

•Church records - births, deaths, baptisms - started to

•1535 Miles Coverdale Bible - use it ig

Edward: more protestant - book of common prayer and stuff

Mary: Catholic!

Elizabeth: moderate elizabethan settlement

What are the major differences between Protestant Christianity and Catholicism?

Authority

P: The Bible is the sole, ultimate authority for faith and practice (sola scriptura).

C: Authority comes from both the Bible and Church tradition, including the teachings of the Pope.

Salvation

P: Salvation is achieved by grace through faith alone (sola fide) and cannot be earned through good works.

C: Salvation is a gift of grace received through faith and response, which includes good works.

Priesthood

P: All believers are priests with direct access to God; clergy can marry.

C: The church has a hierarchical structure with a distinct priesthood, and priests are not permitted to marry.

Sacraments

P: Most traditions practice two sacraments: Baptism and the Eucharist.

C: Practice seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Matrimony, Penance, Holy Orders, and Extreme Unction.

Other differences

P: Rejects the concept of purgatory, believing those who die in faith go straight to heaven.

C: Believes in purgatory as a state of purification for those not yet perfect enough for heaven.

Protestant: Is wary of venerating saints, relics, and religious images, seeing them as potential idolatry.

C: Veneration of saints, relics, and religious images is an accepted practice.

What was the Dissolution of the Monasteries and why did it matter?

•Sold off - quick cash

•Benefited nobility, enabled rise of Gentry

•Eliminated resistance to royal supremacy

•Destruction fine buildings, medieval art, libraries

•Morale decline, candidates for ordination

•Ecclesiastical vote gone, laity ascendant in Parliament

•Loss of employment & poor relief

What was the Elizabethan Settlement?

The attempt by Elizabeth to settle England's religious problems through compromise

How did the Tudor monarchs differ from other dynasties in terms of their power and bearing?

Alot alot alot

could do what they liked

so much more

What were the major impacts of the Reformation on England’s national identity and England’s government?

Removed papal authority, centralized authority, cut off outside political influence

Made the monarchy stronger

Made parliament stronger

Less permeable borders

Who were the Puritans?

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.