science benchmark

1. Molecule that contains genetic instructions

DNA

2. A change in DNA is called

Mutation

3. Why mutated protein does not function properly

The mutation changes the protein’s shape so it doesn’t work correctly

4. What determines the shape of a protein

The sequence of amino acids

5. Fish with mutation are less likely to survive in

Cold environments

6. This scenario is an example of

Natural selection

7. Why mutated fish survive better in warm water

The mutation does not harm them in warm temperatures

8. Process of making proteins from DNA

Protein synthesis

9. Molecule that carries code from DNA to ribosome

mRNA (messenger RNA)

10. How mutation could affect future generations

Fish with the mutation reproduce and pass it on

11. DNA is made of smaller units called

Nucleotides

12. Four nitrogen bases in DNA

A, T, C, G

13. In RNA, thymine is replaced by

Uracil (U)

14. Base pairing rule

A pairs with T; C pairs with G

15. First step of protein synthesis

Transcription

16. Second step of protein synthesis

Translation

17. Proteins are made of

Amino acids

18. Sequence of three nucleotides

Codon

19. Organelle where proteins are made

Ribosome

20. mRNA stands for

Messenger RNA

43. What happens to normal fish survival as temperature increases

It decreases

44. Temperature where both groups have similar survival rates

Middle/moderate temperature

45. Conclusion about the mutation

Harmful in cold but helpful/neutral in warm environments

46. How graph supports natural selection

Better-adapted fish survive and reproduce more

47. Gas plants need

Carbon dioxide

48. Gas plants give off

Oxygen

49. Shivering feedback loop and systems

Negative feedback loop; nervous and muscular systems

50. Examples of haploid and diploid cells

Haploid: sperm and egg; Diploid: body cells (skin, muscle)

51. Mitosis vs meiosis outcome

Mitosis: 2 cells; Meiosis: 4 cells

52. What mitosis makes

Identical cells

53. Human chromosome numbers

Diploid: 46; Haploid: 23

54. Meiosis result in humans

Four daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each

55. Smallest to largest order

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

56. Outputs of photosynthesis

Glucose and oxygen

57. Positive feedback loop examples

Childbirth and blood clotting