anatomy exam, muscle and nerve tissues, muscular system

muscle fibers

living cells

connective tissue fibers

nonliving protein fibers

What is skeletal muscle?

Muscle tissue that attaches to bones.

What is the role of skeletal muscle in the upper third of the esophagus?

It is involved in the first part of swallowing.

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

voluntary movement of bones and skin, heat generation

smooth muscle

involuntary muscle found in hollow internal organs. in walls of blood vessels and large lymphatic vessels

smooth muscle function

propels substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways. erection of hairs

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

cardiac muscle function

Contraction of the heart

nervous tissue

Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals. brain, spinal cord, nerves

nervous tissue function

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity. excitability and conduction

intercalated discs

Attachment sites between the transverse lines between cardiac muscle cells

Neurons

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. impulse conducting cells

glial cells

support cells found in the nervous system

Sarcolemma

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

muscle fiber

muscle cell, long and cylindrical, span the entire length of the muscle

resting potential

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse

action potential

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon, muscle fiber is stimulated

T-tubules (transverse tubules)

spread the action potential into the interior of the muscle fiber

endoplasmic reticulum

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores calcium ions.

Sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Myofilaments

filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin

Myofibrils

protein structures that make up muscle fibers

thin filaments

actin, troponin, tropomyosin

thick filaments

myosin

Sarcomere

myofilaments arranged in a repeating pattern

do muscle fibers have multiple nuclei

yes

Epimysium

surrounds entire muscle

Perimysium

surrounds fascicles

Endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers.

Fasciculi

bundles of muscle fibers

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat tendon

orgin

attachment to immovable bone

Insertion

attachment to movable bone

deltoid

shaped like a delta or triangle

orbicularis

circular

platys

broad, flat, platelike

quadratus

square

Rhomboideus

diamond shaped

Trapezius

trapezoidal

Triangularis

triangular

brevis

short

longus

long

magmus

large

maximus

largest

medius

moderately sized

mimus

small

oblique

diagonal to midline

rectus

parallel to midline

sphincter

circling an opening

transversus

at a right angle to the midline

adductor

toward midline

abductor

away from the midline

depressor

lowers or depresses a body part

Extensor

extends or straightens a part

Flexor

flexes a part, bend a limb

Levator

raises or elevates a body part

rotator

rotates or turns a part

Brachialis

arm

Frontalis

frontal bone

femoris

femur

gluteus

buttock (gluteal)

oculi

eye

radialis

radius

ulnaris

ulna