Clinical Parasitology quiz 1 ata di ko din sure

Parasitology

A branch of biology that studies the phenomenon of dependance of one living organism on another

Parasite

Benefits at the expense of the host.

An organism that lives in or out of a host and derives nutrients at the hosts expense.

Medical Parasitology

Branch of parasitology concerned with parasites that infects human

Protozoa

Unicellular Organism

Helminths

Multicellular Worms

Arthropods

Vectors or Ectoparasite

Host

any living organism (animal, plant, or human) that provides shelter, nutrition, and conditions for survival or reproduction to a smaller parasite, often being harmed or affected in the process, though sometimes benefiting.

Commensalism

Two Species live together but one species benefits from the relationship without harming the other

Parasitism

A type of relationship where one lives at the expense of the other harming it in the process.

Definitive Host

Harbors the adult or sexually reproducing parasites

Intermediate Host

Harbors larval form of parasite

Paratonic Host

Parasites survives but does not develop

Reservoir Host

An environment that naturally harbors parasites

Accidental Host

Not the usual host of the parasite may not complete life cycle

Endoparasite

lives inside the body

Ectoparasite

Lives outside the skin/body

Erratic

Found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

Accidental

Establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

Obligate

Must live on a host otherwise the parasite will not survive

Facultative

Can live independently or as a parasite

Parthenogenetic

Female parasite capable of reproducing eggs without being fertilized by a man and whose eggs contain larva that immediately hatches

Permanent

Remains on the host

Temporary

Lives only for a short time on the host

Spurious

Parasite or eggs that pass through the human digestive tract

Coprophilic

Usually protozoan, able to multiply in fecal matter outside the human body

Hematozoic

Lives inside the RBC

Cytozoic

Lives inside the cells or tissue

Coelozoic

lives in body cavities

Biological

Transfers parasites after completion of development

Mechanical/Phoretic Vector

Only transports parasites no development of parasites seen

Carrier

Harbors pathogens and is asymptomatic

Exposure

Process of inoculating infective agents

Infestation

Establishment of infective agents on host presence

Pre patent Period

The time between a parasitic infection and when the parasite's presence can be detected

Auto infection

the organism reinfects the same host from within, without leaving the body to find a new host

Super infection / Hyper infection

Already individuals is further infected with the same species

Ingestion

Contaminated Food

Skin Penetration

Larvae penetrates skin

Vector Borne

via arthropods

Inhalation

Airborne Cyst

Direct Person to Person

Sexual Contact

Congenital Transmission

the passing of an infection or parasite from an infected pregnant mother to her fetus during pregnancy (transplacental), labor, or delivery, leading to conditions like Zika, Syphilis, HIV, or Toxoplasmosis (often called TORCH infections)

Microscopic field

the circular image one see at a certain magnification

systematic examination

The entire preparation is examined, leaving no parts missed out. Always start at a corner of the coverslip

Epidemiology

the scientific study of how often diseases and health conditions occur in populations, who is affected (person, place, time), and why, using data to find causes (determinants) and control health problems.

Incidence

measures the rate of new cases of a disease or health event (like injury, infection, or death) that develop in a specific population over a defined time period, showing the probability or risk of developing the condition.

Prevalence

the proportion of a population with a specific disease

Intensity of Infection/ Worm Burden

refers to the number of parasites an individual hosts, directly influencing the severity of symptoms, from being asymptomatic in light cases to severe illness, malnutrition, or even obstruction in heavy infections

Eradication

Permanent reduction to zero

Elimination

Reduction to near zero of a given infection