Youngless: Mitosis

Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells that are IDENTICAL to the parent cell

Differentiation

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism

What is the correct order to represent the complexity of organisms? (smallest to largest)

Stem Cells

cells that can become differentiated

into one or more types of specialized cells.

Cell Cycle

What do you call a repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication and cell division that occurs in

EUKARYOTIC cells.

1. growth

2. repair

Why does a cell go through the cell cycle?

1. Interphase

2. Mitosis

3. Cytokinesis

What are the three main phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

1. G1

2. S

3. G2

What are the 3 phases of interphase?

Cell Grows and makes proteins

What happens in the G1 phase?

Chromosomes/DNA/Chromatin Replicate

What happens in the S phase?

Cell continues to grow and make proteins

What happens in the G2 phase?

Chromatin

What chromosomes are called during interphase when they are Long and thin

Chromatid

What a chromosome is called when it is short, fat and condensed; one half of a duplicated chromosome

Sister Chromatids

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

Centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?

1. Chromosomes condense and are called sister chromatids

2. Nuclear membrane disappears

3. Spindle Fibers form

What happens during Prophase?

Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and move to center of cell

What happens during Metaphase?

sister chromatids separate

What happens in anaphase?

1. Nuclear membrane reforms

2. Chromosomes unwind and are chromatin again

3. Spindle fibers diappear

4. Cytokinesis begins

What happens during Telephase

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

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