plant Physiol - lesson 1

Tendril

________- a lateral organ that can encircle an object when encountered Threadlike strand, produced usually from the node of a stem.

Dicots

________  two cotyledons, veins usually netlike, vascular bundles arranged in a ring, taproot usually present, floral parts usually in multiples of five.

Sclerenchyma

________- secondary walled composed of lignin, fibre in wood /bark /fruits and seeds, provide structural support where growth has stopped.

Parenchyma

________- spherical, thin walled, throughout the plant  photosynthesis, respiration, and regeneration.

Dermal tissues

________- the exchange of matter between the plant and the environment (CO2 & O2) o epidermis on above ground organs (leaves and stems) is involved with gas exchange o the epidermis on below ground organs (roots) is involved with water and ion uptake Ex.

selective nutrient uptake

Makes a barrier between cells important for ________ /to exclude pathogens.

Casparian bands

The ________ in the endodermis (the innermost layer of the cortex) function as an impermeable barrier, which allows the endodermis to selectively absorb desirable ions (e.g., K, Ca, PO4, NO3, Cl) and block undesirable ions (Na, Al)

Cohesion

________- ability of water to stick to itself and move up the plant from the roots Adhesion- ability of water to stick to xylem cell walls.

Vascular Tissue

________: Xylem o Water Moves VERY FAST in xylem- (2 ft /minute) o Conducts water and dissolved minerals o Made of:  Vessels- tube like structures, with hollow long cells  dead cells  Tracheids- water- conducting cell in the xylem that provide mechanical support  Xylem parenchyma- living parenchyma cells, structural component, and stores food  Xylem fibres- separated by thin cross walls o Upward movement caused by transpiration from leaves caused by water properties: polarity of H2O, cohesion, and adhesion.

Tissues

________- a collection of similar cells that serve a specific purpose by functioning together.

Collenchyma

________- long & thick cell cells, under epidermis, flexible.

diffusion

Facilitated ________ o is a passive process o Consists of antiport, uniport, and symport.

PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCHLERENCHYMA Characteristics Spherical Thin

________- walled Living, metabolizing tissue Elongate cells with unevenly thickened cell walls Alive at maturity Secondary cell walls composed of lignin Dead at functional maturity Location Throughout the plant Beneath the epidermis in young stems and in leaf veins Fibres in wood, bark, stems Fruits and seeds Functions Photosynthesis and respiration Storage in roots regeneration Flexible support system in areas of active growth Structural support where growth has ceased (Pictured is the cross section of a leaf) Plant organs: tissues that act together to serve specific functions for the whole plant.

ATP

(________ donates a phosphate to a particular gateway molecule which then pumps the desired molecule across the membrane)

Active Absorption

________- slow water moves through symplast, and it is absorbed according to the Diffusion Pressure Deficit changes It consists of osmotic and non- osmotic forces.

Sugars

________ are made in leaves through photosynthesis, but must be moved to other parts of the plant Sugar diffuses from the mesophyll in the leaf  the phloem cells in the vascular bundles.

Veins

________  Xylem- water conduction  Phloem- food conduction  Bundle sheath- one or more layers of fiber cells surrounding a(n) ________; strengthens ________ to support leaf  Branching extensive in ________- no mesophyll cell is far from a(n) ________.

Vascular Tissue

________: Phloem o Moves food (sugar and amino acids) from leaves storage o Phloem made of sieve elements (sieve tube members, companion cells)  Sieve tube is a series of sieve tube members arranged end- to- end and interconnected by sieve plates  Movement of sugars up or down through plasmodesmata of sieve elements o One inch /minute.

Vascular tissue

________- helpful for the movement of water, nutrients etc.