Neurotransmission Quiz Study Guide

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters GABA?

Inhibitory, effects: relaxation, calming, anti-anxiety, sleep

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Dopamine?

Excitatory, effects: pleasure, reward-centers, addiction, “feel good NT”

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Serotonin?

Excitatory, effects: sleep, mood, appetite, pain, body temperature; low serotonin linked to depression 

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Acetylcholine?

Excitatory, effects: alertness, memory, muscle contraction

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Glutamate?

Excitatory, effects: stimulates learning and memory formation, most abundant NT

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Endorphins?

Excitatory and Inhibitory, effects: alertness, blocks pain, often released after physical activity

What are the effects of the following neurotransmitters Norepinephrine?

Excitatory, effects: alertness, energy, stress

Excitatory NTs ______________ in the next neurons

cause impulses

Inhibitory NTs __________ from being sent in the next neuron

stop an impulse

What kind of charge does the inside of the cell have? 

Net negative charge

What kind of charge does the outside of the cell have?

Net positive charge 

1st step of neurotransmission

A neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the environment

2nd step of neurotransmission

Gates in the sodium channels open allowing positively charged sodium ions to flow into the cell causing an action potential.

3rd step of neurotransmission

As the action potential passes, gates in the potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell.  This restores the negative potential inside the neuron.

4th step of neurotransmission

The action potential jumps from node to node along the axon until it reaches the axon terminal.  

5th step of neurotransmission

Neurotransmitters are released from the vesicles into the synapse.

6th step of neurotransmission

After the neurotransmitter has done its job, it is taken back into the axon terminal to be used again or broken down.

1st way drugs can interfere with neurotransmission? 

Increase number of impulses

2nd way drugs can interfere with neurotransmission?

Release NT from vesicles with or without an impulse

3rd way drugs can interfere with neurotransmission?

Block reuptake or block receptors

4th way drugs can interfere with neurotransmission?

 Produce more or less NT

5th way drugs can interfere with neurotransmission?

Prevent vesicles from releasing neurotransmitter

The junction between two communicating neurons is called the:

synapse

_{^{Gaps in the myelin sheath are called:}}

nodes of navier

What are the circles (labeled F) in the image?

neurotransmitters

_{^{What is the structure labeled "B" in the image?}}

synapse

_{^{What is the structure labeled "A" in the image?}}

axon on the nerve cell

_{^{What is the structure labeled "E" in the image?}}

vesicles

_{^{What is the structure labeled "C" in the image?}}

dendrite

_{^{What is the structure labeled "D" in the image?}}

mitochondria

Which of the following will cause an impulse to move faster?

myelin sheath

These neurotransmitters are associated with mood and sleep:

seratonin

Types of neurotransmitters that increase membrane permeability:

excitatory

Axons that are myelinated will have __ impulses

faster

Which of the following neurotransmitters works with the muscles?

acetylcholine

Cocaine causes pleasureble feeling because it:

blocks reuptake of dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is released in the reward pathway?

dopamine

The most common cause of death from using this drug is overheating

ecstasy

This part of the neuron receives impulses.

dendrite

This part of the neuron conducts info away.

axon

This part of the neuron gaps in insulation

node

This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and other cell organelles.

cell body

This part of the neuron transmits impulse to next cell.

axon terminal

Re-uptake is

after the neurotransmitters have done their jobs they are taken back to the axon terminal so it can be used again or broken down.