NHA CET Exam

HIPAA

Data privacy & security provisions laws 2 protect med info

PHI

Any health status & healthcare service info that's personally IDable & can link a person

EKG

Written tracing made by an EKG machine

Implied consent

The PT's actions implies they're giving procedure consent

Holter monitor

Portable battery-operated device that continuously monitors ♡ activity ≥24hr; AKA ambulatory monitor

Event recorder

Outpatient cardiac test involving PT triggering the machine 2 record when having symptoms

Med asepsis

Practice designed 2 ↓ pathogen transfer & break the infection chain

Standard precautions

Basic level infection-control practices healthcare workers must do b4, during, & after every PT encounter 2 prevent infection spread

HAI

Infection from the healthcare workers/setting

PPE

Protective clothes & equipment (gloves, mask, gown, goggles) that protect a worker from chem/infectious material exposure

Leads

Wires that conduct electrical impulses from electrodes 2 an EKG machine

EKG machine

Instrument that gives the ♡'s electrical activity a graphic rep

SDS

Manufacturer's documentation of potentially harmful substances listing the chem parts, associated hazards, & exposure treatment

Therapeutic communication

Using strategies incorporated thru verbal & nonverbal techniques 2 ensure a message is received, interpreted & understood properly

Baseline

An electrically neutral area on the EKG, AKA the isoelectric line or TP segment; makes a comparison pattern across time

Sphygmomanometer

BP measurement equipment that typ appears as a dial w/ #s, bulb & bp cuff

Auscultation

Listening 2 bod sounds (♡, lungs, GI tract) using a stethoscope

SBP

When ♡ is contracted, recorded as the top BP #; the 1st korotkoff sound heard during auscultated BP

DBP

When ♡ is relaxed, recorded as the bottom BP #; the last korotkoff sound heard during auscultated BP

<120mmHg

Expected ref range SBP

<80mmHg

Expected ref range & elevated DBP

120-129mmHg

Elevated SBP

130-139mmHg

↑ BP (stage 1) SBP

80-89mmHg

↑ BP (stage 1) DBP

≥140mmHg

↑ BP (stage 2) SBP

≥90mmHg

↑ BP (stage 2) DBP

≥180mmHg

Hypertensive crisis SBP

≥120mmHg

Hypertensive crisis DBP

Palpation

Using hands 2 exam the bod

Radial pulse site

Thumb side of the wrist, most typ adult site

Brachial pulse site

↑er arm, most typ kid site

Carotid pulse site

On the neck below the jaw bone, most typ site 4 emergencies

Stress test

Ischemia/related EKG ∆s provoking test 2 help diagnose cardiac abnormalities; AKA exercise stress test

Electrode

Skin sensor that interfaces btwn the ♡ & EKG

PQRST waves

Standard waveforms on EKG tracing, each corresponding 2 a specific event in 1 full electrical ♡ cycle

Stenotic

Narrowed/constricted

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating

Cyanosis

Skin, lips, toes/fingers blue/discolored

Syncope

Fainting

Atrium

A small muscular pouch-like structure that fills ventricles w/ blood

Septum

A dividing wall, like the 1 btwn the atria or ventricles

Epicardium

The outer ♡ layer

Pericardium

A 2 layered sac that holds the ♡, filled w/ fluid that prevents friction w/ ♡ muscular action

Mediastinum

1 of 3 chest compartments; holds the ♡ & great vessels

Myocardium

The mid muscular contracting ♡ layer

Endocardium

The inner ♡ layer

Tricuspid valve

Btwn the right atrium & right ventricle

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Btwn the left atrium & left ventricle

AV valves (tricuspid & bicuspid)

Btwn the atria & ventricles

Pulmonary valve

Btwn the right ventricle & pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

The only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. These arteries transport blood from the right ventricle 2 the lungs

Aortic valve

Btwn the left ventricle & aorta

Coronary arteries

Arteries that give oxygenated blood 2 the myocardium

Perfuse

Give blood

SA node

A small tissue mass, in the right ↑er atrium, the ♡'s main pacemaker. Depolarization of this makes P-waves

AV node

Specialized tissue that regulates the impulses btwn the atria & ventricles

Depolarization

Process involving the Na & K channels opening on the cardiac cell surface resulting in the polarity loss. Causes the muscle 2 contract

Bradycardia

Slow HR

Bundle of his

The conduction system part that receives electrical impulses from the AV node & transmits the impulses 2 the bundle branches

Apex

The ↓er, pointed ♡ end

Bundle Branch

The conduction system part that transmits electrical impulses from the AV node 2 the purkinje fibers 2 trigger ventricular depolarization

Purkinje fibers

Fibers that conduct electrical impulses thru both ventricles causing ventricular depolarization

Automaticity

Cardiac cell's ability 2 spontaneously make electrical activity

Ectopic

Starting sumwhere besides the SA node

Bachmann's bundle

The ♡'s electrical conduction system part that ensures both atria depolarize simultaneously

Precordial leads

6 EKG leads put on the anterior chest 2 record the ♡'s unipolar electrical activity @ a specific place

Augmented leads

Unipolar leads made by combining 2 of the 3 limb leads 2 make a + electrode

Artifact

Electrical/magnetic interference that ∆s the tracing

Tachycardia

Fast HR

Lead I

Records impulses btwn the left & right arms

Lead II

Records impulses btwn the right arm & left leg

Lead III

Records impulses btwn the left arm & left leg

aVL

The left leg & right arm help w/ the left arm tracing

aVR

The left arm & left leg help w/ the right arm tracing

aVF

The right & left arms help w/ the left leg tracing

Intercostal

Btwn the ribs

V1

4th ICS, right of sternum

V2

4th ICS, left of sternum, across from V1

V3

Mid btwn V2 & V4

V4

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line

Mid-clavicular

An imaginary line thru the clavicle mid extending vertically

V5

5th ICS, mid btwn V4 & V6, @ the anterior axillary line

V6

5th ICS, @ the mid-axillary line

Mid-axillary

An imaginary line thru the axillary area that divides the bod front & back

3-lead EKG white lead

Right shoulder below clavicle

3-lead EKG black lead

Left shoulder below clavicle

3-lead EKG red lead

Below left pec @ the ♡ apex

+ deflection

The waveform part in an EKG tracing above the isoelectric line

- deflection

The ↓ward waveform presentation on the tracing that's below the isoelectric line

Repolarization

The relaxation ♡ phase that preps the ♡ 4 another depolarization

Caliper

An instrument 4 measuring distances on a tracing

Amplitude

Voltage/gain

Ischemia

↓ in tissue oxygenation bc of poor blood flow

Isoelectric line

The straight line on the tracing btwn cardiac cycles where there's no ♡ electrical activity or deflection

Flutter

Fast wave-like contractions

Fibrillation

Quivering state w/o organized contraction

Atrial kick

The atrial excitement w/ a ↑ in internal pressure 2 forcefully push blood n2 the ventricles

Unifocal PVC

Single early PVC implies 1 irritable area

Multifocal PVC

PVC w/ multi shapes implies >1 irritable area

Interpolated PVC

PVC occurs w/o interruption in the norm rhythm