Vocab Final Exam

adulterate

(verb) to corrupt, make worse by the addition of something of lesser value

synonyms: contaminate, pollute, sully

antonyms: purify, purge, expurgate

augment

(v.) to make larger, increase

synonyms: supplement, amplify

antonyms: decrease, diminish

fortitude

(n.) the courage in facing difficulties

synonyms: resolve, steadfastness

antonyms: fearfulness, faintheartedness

gibe

(v.) to utter taunting words(n.) an expression of scorn

synonyms: (v.) ridicule, mock, deride, jeer

antonyms: compliment, praise

insidious

(adj.) intended to decieve or entrap; sly, treacherous

synonyms: cunning, dastardly, perfidious

antonyms: frank, ingenuous, aboveboard

opulent

(adj.) wealthy, luxurious; ample; grandiose

synonyms: rich, plentiful, abundant

antonyms: poverty-stricken, wretched, destitute

reiterate

(v.) to say again, repeat

synonyms: restate, recapitulate

unkempt

(adj.) not combed; untidy; not properly maintained; unpolished, rude

synonyms: sloppy, disordered, rough

antonyms: well-groomed, tidy

verbatim

(adj, adv) word for word; exactly as written or spoken

synonyms: exact, precisely

antonyms: paraphrased

warily

( adv.) cautiously, with great care

synonyms: prudently, gingerly

antonyms: recklessly, heedlessly, incautiously

amicable

(adj.) peaceable, friendly

synonyms: congenial, neighborly, cordialantonyms: hostile, antagonistic

averse

(adj.) having a deep-seated distaste; opposed, unwilling synonyms: disinclined, loath

antonyms: eager, keen, favorably disposed

belligerent

(adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war

synoynms: (adj.) assertive, truculent, pugnacious

antonyms: (adj.) peaceful, conciliatory, placid

benevolent

(adj.) kindly, charitaable

synonyms: benign, well-meaning

antonyms: malicious, spiteful

duplicity

(n.) treachery, deceitfulness

synonyms: double-dealing

impervious

(adj.) not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrance

synoynms: impenetrable, resistant, proof against

antonyms: porous, permeable, vulnerable

impetus

(n.) a moving force, impulse, stimulus

synonyms: impulse, spur

antonyms: curb, hindrance, impediment, constraint

quintessence

(n.) the purest essence or form of something; the most typical example

synonyms: paragon, exemplar

retrogress

(v.) to move backward; to return to an earlier condition

synonyms: revert, degenerate, decline

antonyms: advance, evolve, progress

scrutinize

(v.) to examine closely

synonyms: inspect, pore over

antonyms: scan, glance at

adversary

(n.) an enemy, opponent

SYNONYMS: antagonist, rival, foe

ANTONYMS: friend, ally, supporter, confederate

artifice

(n.) a skillful or clever device; a clever trick; trickery

SYNONYMS: ruse, stratagem, contrivance

coerce

(v.) to pressure; to bully; to intimidate

SYNONYMS: pressure, bully, constrain

ANTONYMS: persuade, cajole

craven

(adj.) cowardly; (noun) a coward

Syn.: (adj.) fearful, fainthearted, pusillanimous

Ant.: (adj.) brave, courageous, valiant

harass

(v.) to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks; to annoy

SYNONYMS: annoy, bedevil, beleaguer

liquidate

(v) to pay a debt, to settle an account; to eliminate

SYNONYMS: reconcile, pay, cancel, exterminate

ANTONYMS: invest, collect

negligible

(adj.) so unimportant that it can be disregarded; trivial

SYNONYMS: trivial, inconsequential, insignificant

ANTONYMS: significant, crucial, momentous

punitive

(adj.) inflicting or aiming at punishment

SYNONYMS: penalizing, retaliatory

sojourn

(n.) a temporary stay; a visit (v.) to stay for a time

SYNONYMS: (n.) visit, brief stay

urbane

(adj.) refined in manner or style, suave, elegant

SYNONYMS: elegant

ANTONYMS; crude, uncouth

affiliated

(adj., part.) associated, connected

Syn.: attached, related, jointed

Ant.: dissociated, unconnected

ascertain

(verb) to find out

Syn.: discover, determine, establish

cogent

(adj.) forceful, convincing; relevant, to the point

Syn.: persuasive, compelling

Ant.: weak, unconvincing, ineffective, irrelevant

esteem

(v.) to regard highly (n.) a highly favorable opinion or judgment

Syn: (v.) respect,honor,revere

ant: (v.) disdain, scorn; (n.) contempt

omniscient

(adj.) knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding

syn: wise, all-knowing

ant: ignorant, unknowing

scrupulous

(adj.) exact, careful, attending thoroughly to details; having high moral standards, principled

syn: painstaking, meticulous, conscientious

ant: careless, negligent, remiss, dishonest

skulk

(verb) to move about stealthily; to lie in hiding

Syn.: lurk, slink, prowl

supercilious

(adj.) proud and contemptuous; showing scorn because of a feeling of superiority

syn: snobbish, patronizing, overbearing

ant: humble, meek, deferential, servile

uncanny

(adj.) strange, mysterious, weird, beyond explanation

syn: inexplicable, spooky

venial

(adj.) easily excused; pardonable

Syn.: excusable, forgivable

Ant.: inexcusable, unforgivable, unpardonable

altruistic

(adj.) unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others

SYN: selfless

ANT: selfish, self-centered

assent

(v.) to express agreement; (n.) agreement

SYNONYMS: consent; concur

ANTONYMS: disagree, differ, dissent

diffident

(adj.) shy, lacking self-confidence; modest, reserved

SYN: timid, bashful, unassertive, withdrawn

ANT: bold, brash, audacious, self-confident, jaunty

infallible

(adj.) free from error; absolutely dependable

Syn.: unerring, certain

Ant.: imperfect

plod

(verb) to walk heavily or slowly; to work slowly

Syn.: lumber, trudge

Ant.: scamper, skip, prance

remiss

(adj.) neglectful in performance of one's duty, careless

Syn.: negligent, lax, slack

Ant.: scrupulous, dutiful, punctilious

temerity

(noun) rashness, boldness

Syn.: recklessness, foolhardiness, effrontery

Ant.: timidity, fearfulness, diffidence, humility

truculent

(adj.) fierce and cruel; aggressive; deadly, destructive; scathingly harsh

Syn.: savage, belligerent, vitriolic

Ant.: gentle, mild, unthreatening

unfeigned

(adj.) sincere, real, without pretense

Syn.: genuine, heartfelt

Ant.: insincere, simulated, phony

virulent

(adj.) extremely poisonous; full of malice; spiteful

Syn.: noxious, baneful, hateful

Ant.: harmless, benign

Brandish

(v) To wave or flourish in a vigorous fashion

Syn: swing, shake

Destitute

(adj.) deprived of the necessities of life; lacking in

Syn.: wanting, devoid, impoverished, penniless

Ant.: rich, wealthy, luxurious, bountiful, full, replete

Inopportune

(adj.) coming at a bad time; not appropriate

Synonyms: ill-timed, inconvenient, inappropriate, unsuitable

Antonyms: timely, convenient, felicitous, opportune

Ironic

(adjective)

suggesting an incongruity between what might be expected and what actually happens; given to irony, sarcastic

syn;: incongruous, satiric, sardonic, wry

ant: straightforward, unequivoca

Officious

(adj.) meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority

syn: meddlesome, prying, impertinent, obtrusive

ant: reserved, diffident, timid, aloof

Premeditated

(adj) Considered beforehand, deliberately planned

Synonyms: preplanned, rehearsed, calculated, prearranged

Antonyms: unplanned, spontaneous, impromptu

Stately

(adj.) dignified, majestic

Syn.: grand, magnificent, imposing

Ant.: lowly, humble, servile, abject

Supple

(adj.) bending easily; bending with agility; readily adaptable; servile

syn: flexible, limber, pliable, pliant

ant: rigid, unbending, hidebound

Suppress

(verb) to stop by force, put down

Totalitarian governments usually take strong measures to __ free speech.

Syn.: subdue, crush, stifle, squelch, quash, silence

Ant.: provoke, spur, arouse, incite, instigate

Venal

(adj.) open to or marked by bribery or corruption

Syn.: dishonest, bribable, corruptible, mercenary

Ant.: honest, incorruptible, scrupulous

abhor

(v) to change in a formal way; to change for the better

syn-improve

amend

(v.) to change in a formal way; to change for the better

syn-improve

chaos

(n)

great confusion, disorder

syn-turmoil

ant-order

commodious

(adj)

roomy, spacious

syn-comfortable

ant-claustrophobic

discern

(v)

to see clearly, recognize

syn- distinguish

ant-overlook

implicate

(v)

to involve in; to connect with or be related to

syn-entangle

ant-exculpate

obviate

(v)

to anticipate and prevent; to remove, dispose of

syn-preclude

renegade

(n,adj)

one who leaves a group; a deserter, outlaw; traitorous, unconventional, unorthodox

syn-turncoat

ant-loyalist

voluminous

(adj)

of great size; numerous; writing or speaking at great length

syn-massive, plentiful

ant-scant

waive

(v)

to do without, give up voluntarily; to put off temporarily, defer

syn-decline

ant-accept