Dreaming & Sleep

Consciousnesses

Awareness of oneself and their environment

Electroencephalogram(EEG)

Neural imaging using electrodes on the scalp to record the brain’s electrical activity

FMRI:

a neuroimaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow

Active brain areas use more oxygen, increasing blood flow to those areas

Circular Rhythm

change in blood pressure,internal temp,hormones( can be dirupted by jet lag and night shift work) This can shift depending on your age

Brain waves Beta waves

13-30 Hz (During most activities while awake)

Alpha Waves

8-12. 99 ( While relaxed or sleepy)

Theta Waves

4- 7.99Hz ( During stage 1 and 2 light sleep)

Delta Waves

1-3.99Hz During stage 3 (deep) sleep)

NREM Stage N1

heartbeat and breathing slow down

muscles begin to relax

Last a few min

alpha -theta waves

Hypnagogic Sensations

Sensations you image are real (ex: feeling of falling)

Happens during NREM 1

NREM Stage N2 (Light Sleep)

Heartbeat and breathing slow down further

no eye movements

body temp drops

brain produces “sleep spindles

Last about 25 min

NREM Stage N3

Deepest sleep state

heartbeat and breathing are at their slowest rate

no eye movements

body is fully relaxed

Delta Waves are present

tissues repair and growth and cell regeneration

immune system strengthen

REM Stage R

primary dreaming stage

eye movement becomes rapid

breathing and heart rate increases

limb muscles become temporarily paralyzed

brain activity is markedly increased

No REM sleep

memory loss

Muscle Atonia

During REM, noradrenaline serotonin, and histamine blocked = no muscle movement

You wake up but still be paralyzed

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Loss of muscle Atonia( sleep paralysis), causing a person to act out their dream. Not Sleepwalking

REM

REM deprivation over a night/nights causes REM rebound

This means entering REM sleep more often/more easily the following night/s

Fatal Familial Insomnia

Rare genetic disease of that causes all patients to gradually lose the ability to sleep over span of a mere few months. untimely leading to death

Consolidation Theory

a primary function theory

proposes that dreams may help sift,sort, and fix the day’s experiences in our memory

Activation Synthesis Theory

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

Restoration Theory

sleep allows the body to repair and replenish cellular components that are depleted during the day. Sleep helps organism be healthy and productive by restoring energy lost during the day.

Narcolepsy

chronic neurological disorder that makes it difficult for the brain to regulate sleep-wake cycles

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder that causes people to stop breathing or breath shallowly while they sleep

Sommanbulism

Sleep walking and sleep talking occur during stage nREM3 of sleep