apush period 4

Impressment

Practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy. One of the causes of the War of 1812.

Nat Turner Rebellion

In 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. In retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war.

Whigs

Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson.

King Andrew

Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents (the Whigs) did not like his use of the veto power.

Monroe Doctrine

Warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas.

National Republicans

Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, favored internal improvements.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30.

Seneca Falls Convention

In 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances.

Trail of Tears

In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march

The Tariff of 1828

Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing. Hated by Southerners, who saw it as targeting them. South Carolina called it the Tariff of Abominations and threatened to nullify it.

Marbury v. Madison

Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review. Decision by Chief Justice John Marshall.

The Embargo of 1807

Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality. Led to extreme anger among Federalists, who represented merchants.

Results of the War of 1812

-American Nationalism

Transcendentalists

They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.

Henry Clay

Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks.

American System

Henry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of:

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed its complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

John Q. Adams

Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay.

Market Revolution

Starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods.

Indian Removal Act

President Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma.

Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Democratic-Republicans. The nation's third president from 1801 to 1809. Responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.

Nullification Crisis

In 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina. Created the basis for secession (used by the South to break away from the Union in 1860).

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention.

Second Great Awakening

Religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform.

Jacksonian Democracy

The time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man.

William Lloyd Garrison

Advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator."

Sectionalism: The South

Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850. Depended on slavery labor.

Era of Good Feelings

Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. Started with the end of the Federalist Party.

cotton gin

This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers. Led to the expansion of slavery before the Civil War.

Sectionalism: The North

Largely urban population that worked in factories.

Battle of New Orleans

General Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States.

Democratic-Republicans

Favored the common man, weak central government, hated the National Bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion.

Republican Motherhood/Cult of Domesticity

After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs.

Federalists

Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion.

Sectionalism: The West

Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others. Generally opposed to slave labor.