Exercise 1 - The major body systems and review of histopathology

Atrophy

Qualitative decrease in size and sometimes in the number of cells.

Hypertrophy

Qualitative increase in size

Hyperplasia

Quantitative increase in size

Metaplasia

Transformation of 1 type of cell into another

Anaplasia

Reversion of cell to a more primitive and undifferentiated type.

Hypoplasia

Underdevelopment of tissue / organ.

Dysplasia

Failure of development of an organ or part to its normal size.

Neoplasia

Formation of new cells / tissue type with aytipical cellular structures and bizarre mitotic figures.

Hyperemia

Increase flow of arterial blood

Congestion

Increase flow of blood in venous

Ischemia

Local anemia

Hemorrhage

escape flow of blood vessel from a ruptured blood vessel.

Petechiae

Less than 1 mm

Pinpoint hemorrhage

Ecchymoses

More than 1 mm

few mm in size

Capillary or arteriole only ruptures

Agonal

Combination of less than 1 and more than 1 mm

Suffusion

diffused flat hemorrhage

Paintbrush hemorrhage

Hematocyst

Spherical shaped blood mass

Purpura

Coalescing or confluent

Typical for disseminated intravascular clotting.

Sludge blood

adherens of blood cells to each other because they are coated with thin film of plasma protein.

Thrombosis

attached blood clot

Embolism

A free blood clots

Infarction

Area of coagulative necrosis in tissue due to the sudden stoppage of blood flow thru an artery or vein

edema

Fluid fluid accumulation in the interstitium of the tissue from the arterial end of capillary.

Shock

Circulatory defect, characterized by decreased blood vessel, blood volume, hemoconcentration.

Pyrexia

Elevation of body temperature above normal for extended period.

Hypothermia

Marked by a decrease in body temperature

Febrile

Symptoms of fever / related to fever/

Depression

Marked by decrease in functional activity of an animal.

Restlessness

marked by increased motor activity such as constant walking and vocalizing, lying down and getting up.

lethargy

Abnormal drowsiness

Emaciation

Excessive leaness or wasted body conditon.

Cachexia

Physical wasting and malnutrition usually associated with chronic disease or terminal illness.

Collapse

State of extreme prostr— and depression w/ failure of circulation.

Phobic tendencies

exaggerated usually inexpliccible and illogical fear of certain objects or situations,.