Pulmonary PowerPoint

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to respiratory inflammation, infection, and disorders as identified in the lecture notes.

Acidosis

Excess acidity of body fluids due to increased hydrogen ion concentration.

Hypercapnia

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.

Hypoxemia

A deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood.

Atelectasis

Collapse of lung tissue causing reduced gas exchange.

Pulmonary embolus (PE)

Blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, often due to blood clots.

Mucociliary apparatus

A mechanism involving cilia and mucus that helps in clearing particles from the airways.

Erythropoietin

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels.

Ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) ratio

A measurement that compares the amount of air reaching the alveoli to the amount of blood reaching the alveoli.

Pleural effusion

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.

Dyspnea

Difficulty in breathing, often described as shortness of breath.

Hypoxia

Insufficient oxygen supply for the tissues, potentially caused by various conditions affecting gas exchange.

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen, transporting it in the blood.

Asthma

A chronic condition characterized by hyperactive airways leading to recurrent breathing difficulties.

Compliance

The ability of the lungs to expand; decreased compliance indicates stiff lungs.

Blood flow

The flow of blood through the circulatory system, essential for transporting oxygen and nutrients.

Pulmonary aspiration

Inhalation of material into the lungs, which can lead to infections or pneumonia.

Gas exchange

The process where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood in the alveoli.

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum, indicating possible lung or airway issues.

Orthopnea

Shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, often relieved by sitting up.

Inflammatory mediators

Substances released during inflammation, such as leukotrienes and histamine, which can affect airway constriction.