Period 4_ Q1

Election of 1800/"Revolution of 1800" – Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic Republicans in the national government. Adams steps down peacefully.

Louisiana Purchase – 1803 U.S. bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, x2 territory and exerting control over Mississippi River & New Orleans.

Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s first

term vice president killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel (1804). Later accused of plotting to create his own empire in the West.

Barbary Pirates – North African pirates who attacked U.S. ships. Jefferson refused to pay higher tribute & sent the U.S. Navy.

Chesapeake

Leopard Affair – 1807 British warship Leopard attacked U.S. ship, impressing sailors and fueling anti

Embargo Act of 1807 – Jefferson’s response to British and French interference with U.S. trade, banning all American exports. Devastated U.S. economy & New England merchants.

Tecumseh – united Native tribes East of Mississippi against U.S. westward expansion in the early 1800s.

Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 Governor William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh’s forces, weakening Native resistance and increasing tensions with Britain (supplied weapons).

William Henry Harrison – Territorial governor of Indiana and U.S. general who defeated Tecumseh’s forces at Tippecanoe and later defeated the British and Native allies during the War of 1812. Became president in 1841.

War Hawks – Democratic

Republicans in Congress who pushed for war with Britain leading up to the War of 1812.

War of 1812 – War between U.S. and Britain (1812–1815) over trade restrictions, impressment, and British support of Native resistance. Ended in stalemate but boosted American nationalism and manufacturing.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend – 1814, in the War of 1812 Jackson defeated the Creek Nation in Alabama, forcing them to cede land to the U.S.

Treaty of Ghent – 1814 treaty ending the War of 1812. restored prewar boundaries but resolved none of the initial issues.

Battle of New Orleans – Final major battle of the War of 1812 (1815), Jackson’s forces defeated a larger British force. Fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed but before news reached the U.S., boosting Jackson’s fame.

Hartford Convention – 1814 meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 and discussed possible secession. Their actions discredited the Federalist Party, leading to its collapse.

Era of Good Feelings – Period during James Monroe’s presidency (1817–1825) marked by the decline of the Federalist Party, one

party rule, and a sense of national unity following the War of 1812.

Tariff of 1816/Protective Tariff – First protective tariff in U.S. history, designed to shield American manufacturers from British competition after the War of 1812.

Henry Clay’s American System – Economic plan to strengthen the U.S. economy with three parts: a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements (roads, canals).

Second Bank of the U.S. – National bank chartered in 1816 to stabilize the currency and credit after the War of 1812. It became controversial and a target of Jacksonian Democrats.

Panic of 1819 – First major U.S. economic depression, caused by over

speculation on western lands and tight credit from the Second Bank. It led to widespread foreclosures and resentment of banks.

Missouri Compromise – 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance in the Senate. It banned slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel in the Louisiana Territory.

Adams

Onís Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty), 1819 – Treaty where Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and the U.S. gave up claims to Texas. It also defined the western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.

Monroe Doctrine – 1823 U.S. policy warning European powers not to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere. In return, the U.S. pledged to stay out of European affairs.

John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under Monroe who authored the Monroe Doctrine and negotiated the Adams

Onís Treaty. Later became the 6th U.S. president (1825–1829).