17.1-17.2 Bio Quiz

Evolution

The changing of organisms and life over time

Fossils

Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms

Artificial selection

Selective breeding where nature provides the inherited variations

Which two geologists proposed important hypotheses about Earth changing?

James Hutton and Charles Lyell

What did Hutton and Lyell conclude that was previously debated on?

That the earth was extremely old.

What was Hutton’s concept called?

Deep time

What was Lyell’s way of thinking called?

Uniformitarianism

Define uniformitarianism.

The geological processes we see today are the same processes that shaped earth years ago.

Who suggested that individual organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using parts of their bodies?

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Who reasoned that if the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn’t be enough living space and food for everyone?

Thomas Malthus

What was the ship that Darwin sailed on?

The HMS Beagle

Why was Darwin on the Beagle?

He was invited to keep the captain company.

Who developed a theory of biological evolution that offered a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life?

Charles Darwin

What were Darwin’s observations from the voyage?

Species vary globally, locally and over time

What did Darwin notice about habitats around the globe?

That different, yet ecologically similar, species inhabited separated, but ecologically similar, habitats around the globe.

Define creationism.

The church’s belief that God made everything

Define epigenetics.

Some genes can be changed and passed on.

What did Malthus think human population was limited by?

War, famine & disease.

What did Darwin notice about species within local areas?

That different, yet related, species often occupied different habitats within a local area.

Where did Darwin explore different species?

The Galapagos islands

What were some species Darwin studied?

Finches, tortoises, and mockingbirds.

What did Darwin note about fossils?

That the fossil record included many extinct animals that were similar to, yet different from, living species.

What are some examples of things evolutionary theory helped us understand?

Emergence of drug resistant bacteria or influenza

What three species of birds found globally are similar?

Rhea, Emu & Ostrich

Who’s theory was it that population grows faster than food supply?

It was Malthus’ theory.

What is differential reproductive success?

Many die and only a few survive and reproduce.

What kind of animal did Darwin experiment with and make “fancy unusual versions” of?

Pigeons