HOA- ADDITIONAL 2 GOOD REFERENCE

Stonehenge

Best known stone circle in Wiltshire, England

Ziggurat of Ur

Temple pyramid built in Mesopotamia

CORBELLING

(1) Type of arch used in prehistoric architecture such as beehive huts and the Mayans; (2) Stones are placed one on top of the other with the one on top partly placed on the lower one and further out

Mastaba

Precursor or antecedent of a pyramid thats serves as a burial site in ancient Egypt

Hypostyle

(1) Space characterized by columns supporting the ceiling; (2) Room having a roof supported by columns

DORIC

The simplest form of Classical Architectural Orders

Caryatid

A statue of a woman used to support an entablature in place of a column typically dressed in a long toga

Golden Ratio

(1) Symbolizes mathematical relationship used in sacred geometry especially in art and architecture; (2) Also known as the golden number, golden proportion, or the divine proportion

Calidarium

(1) Roman bath that has hot plunge pool; (2) Roman hot bath

Frigidarium

Roman cool bath

Composite

Combination of Ionic order and Corinthian order

Pozzolan

Material from volcanic ash used in Roman concrete construction

Basilica

Which Roman public building, used for administration and law courts, was later adapted for the plan of early Christian churches?

Moorish

Alhambra in Spain is a characteristic of __ Style

Masjid

Another word for the Islamic Mosque

Madrasa

Islamic school

Machicolations

A feature of defensive architecture projecting a wall, parapet, or brackets , allowing floor openings through which molten lead, boiling oil or stones are dropped down below

arch

Which Roman innovation (adopted by Romanesque builders) made large spans and domes possible?

Rose Window

A circular window with mullions or tracery radiating in the form of a flower, often found in Gothic cathedrals.

Lancet

A high, narrow window with a pointed head, typical of Gothic architecture.

Quoins

Structural and decorative masonry blocks placed at the external corners of two walls

Leon Battista Alberti

Who wrote "De re Aedificatoria" and is known for the Church of Saint Andrea Mantua?

Churrigueresque Style

Elaborate form of Baroque architecture found in Spain and Portugal

St. Paul's Cathedral

Which monumental church did Christopher Wren design and supervise after the Great Fire of London?

Victorian Period

Historical revivalism in Neoclassical

Art Nouveau

(1) Style defined by curvilinear lines sinuous lines with naturalistic tendrils evoking foliate motifs; (2) Architecture of whiplash lines

Jugendstil

art nouveau counterpart in germany

Bauhaus

A school founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar, Germany that tried to unite architecture, fine arts, and the applied arts in one single expression. The school turned out artisans and designers who could create beautiful and useful objects for a new type of living.

Streamline Moderne

A later variant of Art Deco characterized by streamline silhouettes and curved rounded corners

Halipan

Ifugao house rat guard

Shophouse

Structure with stores on the ground floor and residences or living quarters on the second floor

Grid plan/layout

Evidence of advancement of engineering in Indian civilization that was seen in Mohenjo Daro and Harappa but not used in Mesopotamia

stupa

A dome-shaped Buddhist sepulchral monument used to house relics

Feng Shui

Chinese geomancy used to harmonize individuals with the environment

Dougong

The Chinese interlocking system of wooden brackets that supports roof loads without triangular bracing

Beacon Tower

Great Wall of China; area that is smoked by day and fired by night

Shoji

A Japanese sliding door or partition using translucent paper on a wooden lattice. A. Fusuma

Flat Roof

Which architectural feature is NOT typically used in traditional Japanese architecture due to rain and snow?

A. Flat Roof

B. Roof Eaves

C. Raised Floors

D. Movable Partitions

Tokonoma

A raised alcove in a Japanese room used for hanging scrolls or flower arrangements (Ikebana)

Hanok

The traditional Korean house dating back to the Joseon period

Daecheong

In a Korean house, what is the wooden-floor hall separated from the ground to allow airflow?

Ondol

Floor heating system in Korean traditional architecture or houses that transfers heat from wood to masonry floor

Potala Palace

Malacanang is to PH, __ is to Tibet

Bagan

Ancient structure from 9th to 13th century where Buddhist structure is in the landscape

An ancient city (9th-13th century) characterized by thousands of Buddhist temples in the landscape.

pagoda

(1) Nepalese structure originated from China; It is tiered with sloping roof; (2) Layered structure in Chinese Buddhism, which contains holy or sacred relics

Thailand

Ayuthai and Sukhothai are ancient Kingdoms of what country

Gopuram

Which of the following is NOT a part of an Angkorian (Cambodian) temple?

A. Gopuram

B. Dancers Hall

C. Thos

D. Mandapa

Ngao

Distinctive feature of Central Plains houses in Thailand denoting elegant curved decoration

tongkonan

What is the vernacular boat-shaped house of the Torajan people in Indonesia?

rumah adat

Term for vernacular or traditional architecture in Indonesia :

Batak

Traditional boat shaped Jabu homes of Toba Batak people in Indonesia

Borobudur

A 9th century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Jogjakarta, Central Java, Indonesia which is a World Heritage Site

Minangkabau

Known for its layered saddleback house roofs in Indonesia

aljibe

Water cistern found underneath the Azotea in Bahay na Bato

zaguan

Ground floor in Bahay-na-Bato

Neo-Gothic

Miag ao is to Baroque and San Sebastian Church is to ___.

Carlos Arguelles

Architect of Philam Life Building, Manila

Ivatan House

Indigenous or vernacular houses in Batanes islands

Jinjin

thatched Ivatan house

naga

Sea serpent; often featured in a Maranao okir

Isauro Gabaldon

A lawmaker assemblyman , responsible for the construction of pre-war public schools

Dolmen

A megalithic structure consisting of one flat stone supported by two upright stones (literally "stone table")

citadel

A defensive core of fortified area of a city usually located on high ground in ancient cities

malacca

Port in Malaysia known for cultural trade

penang

British colonial town in Malaysia and now a World Heritage Site:

isneg

The "Inverted Boat" roof is characteristic of which indigenous house?

colonization

(1) Caused the incursion of Western styles and technology in indigenous Asian settings, resulting in a fusion of styles and a unique Asian colonial character to architecture; (2) Resulted in the creation of hybrid architectural styles and technologies, integrating what was

Arquitectura Mestiza

The fusion of Western styles with native architectural traditions during colonization is often called:

Garbhagriha

In a Hindu temple, what is the "womb house" or inner sanctum called? A. Mandapa B. Gopuram

gopuram

If torii is to Shinto, then _____ is to Hinduism.

kiblah

Wall that shows the direction of Mecca

mihrab

" niche in a mosque which shows the direction of Mecca

Motte-and-Bailey Castle

(1) A fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork; (2) An enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade

Torogan

Royal house in Marawi

Rustication

Facade treatment that gives texture to the stone block in the masonry, giving them emphasis especially in the joints

Antefix

A decorated upright slab to close or conceal the open end of arrow of tiles which cover the joints of roof tiles; a similar ornament on the ridge of a roof

stoa

Covered walkway or portico

colosseum

The structure is a Roman ampitheater where naval games appeared amongst others. It was commissioned by Vespasian and inaugurated by Titus

circus

roman area for horse racing

hippodrome

greek area for horse racing

Theatre of Dionysus

first stone theater ever built cut into the southern cliff face of the Acropolis

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Ten Books of Architecture or De Architectura was written by

Basilica of San Vitale

The 6th-century Basilica considered one of the most important surviving examples of early Byzantine architecture

Use of a Latin cross for their church plans

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Byzantine church plan:

a. Use of icons and mosaics rather than sculptural artwork

b. Use of a Latin cross for their church plans

c. Massive dome with square bases and are on pendentives

d. Symmetrical central plan

Romanesque

The medieval style that revived Roman elements like the round arches with massive thick walls, with influence from the Byzantine and Islamic art

Abbey Church of Saint Denis

This French church initiated the Gothic style by flooding the interiors with light at the choir. This change was started by Abbot Sugar to create an architectural style that would express

Tempietto

This structure was considered as the best example of the Renaissance period .

Trompe l'oeil

Is a style of painting with realistic imagery to create a 3D effect and the figures are painted out of the frame. It is a French word meaning "deceive the eye."

Ecole des Beaux Arts

The famous French school of architecture, presented as the bastion of Neo-Classicism

Villa Savoye

The residence is a modern take on French country house that celebrates and reacts to the new machine age . Uses modern materials: glass, steel, and iron

brasilia

Oscar Niemeyer's famous work

Torana

In Indian Buddhism architecture , this building type are made from dirt and rubble piled up to form a mound (stupa) . The elaborately carved, ceremonial gateway (facing the four cardinals) that are carved with narrative sculptures are called

Tulou

A type of Chinese traditional vernacular houses . This compound can be rectangular or circular in configuration . The exterior structure is made of rammed-earth and is designed like a fortress.

hutong

Chinese alley of simple common people dwellings

machiya

These traditional Japanese residential structures are wooden townhouses typically of merchants and craftsmen

Daechong

In Korean traditional architecture, this is a wooden floor, detached from the ground , laying on posts, allowing airflow

hanji

Traditional paper from the mulberry tree used for partitions, walls, and ceilings are called _____ in Korea .

hoi an

This World Heritage Site in Vietnam is a well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port of the 15th to 19th centuries, with buildings that display a blend of local and foreign influences

angkor thom

This site means "Great City," located in present day Cambodia and the last capital of the Khmer Empire.

datag

This is the basic sleeping bunk or platform made up of tree branches, twigs, and dried leaves built inside the cave by the Tau't Bato .