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levels of organization from simplest to most complex
molecule
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
arteries v. veins - number of layers, presence of valves, mass of muscle tissue, direction of flow:
Three layers in arteries and veins
Arteries have teacher muscle tissue than veins
Artiers flow blood away from heart
Veins flow blodd towards the heart
pulmonary v. systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation carries blood to the lungs for oxygenation
Systemic circulation delivers oxygenated blood to the body.
The right side of the heart drives pulmonary circulation
The left side drives systemic circulation.
Sliding Filament Model - model of muscle contraction
calcium - activates binding sites on actin filament
myosin - protein with head that attaches to actin and performs power stroke (thick filament)
actin - protein that myosin head pulls in power stroke, causing muscle to shorten (thin filament)
sarcomere - basic unit of muscle contraction, shortens as actin filaments are pulled toward center
Brain function
cerebral cortex - control voluntary skeletal muscle, intellectual and emotional processing
thalamus - relays impulses to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus - regulation of autonomic nervous functions, regulates temp, water balance, food
limbic system - mediates emotional response
medulla oblongata - relays sensory input, controls HR, respiratory rate
cerebellum - smooths skeletal muscle movements, regulates balance and posture