Abnormal Psychology Section 3 Vikens

IU Abnormal Psychology class with Professor Vickens, Section 3

Positive Symptom

Symptoms that add on to a normal experience, such as hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia

Negative Symptom

Symptoms that take away from a normal experience such as flattened affect

Anhedonia

Inability to experience pleasure (including physical sensations)

Flattened Affect

Inability to express emotions

Onset of Schizophrenia

Ages 15-35 years

Subtypes of Schizophrenia

Disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, and undifferentiated

Avolition

Indecisiveness, ambivalence (contradictory attitudes), and lack of willpower

Alogia

Speechlessness/thought blocking (speech interruptions by thoughts) or inappropriate and meaningless flows of speech/thought

Catatonic Behavior

Obvious reactivity to external stimuli. Generally pacing, repetitive movements, awkward movements, and holding awkward positions.

Thought Broadcast

beliefs that thoughts are being broadcasted to other people

Thought insertion

beliefs that thoughts (from other people) are being placed into the patient’s head

Ideas of reference

interpretations that are "abstract" or out of touch with reality that confirms abnormal beliefs 

Control by Others

beliefs that a patient is being controlled by someone else (Like a robot or puppet)

“Made” Feelings and actions

subjective feeling that an external force is controlling their mood or emotions

Inappropriate content

talking about things that don't match the situation

Research subtypes of schizophrenia

Positive-negative & Process-reactive

Positive-negative schizophrenia

Refers to the symptoms of the type of schizophrenia (Positive and negative)

Process-relative schizophrenia

Refers to the course of the schizophrenia (process=progressive & reactive=as a result of something)

Catatonic

immobile behavior

Neologism

creating new words that only apply to the person that made it 

Delusions: Persecution

When patients believe they are being persecuted (overlaps with depressive disorder symptoms) 

Delusions: Grandiosity

When patients develop “absurd” beliefs about themselves (overlaps with manic disorder symptoms) 

Delusions: Somatic

When patients believe that something is physically wrong with their body despite no signs of illness or injury

Paranoid Schizophrenia

where the hallucinations (generally auditory) form a network causing patients to be suspicious and delusional [Trying to put things together while constantly being scared that the logic previously put together will fall apart.] 

Disorganized Schizophrenia

impulsive behaviors, disorganized speech [When the patient gives up on trying to comprehend their thoughts or the world around them. Patient's words no longer have as much meaning] 

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Form of schizophrenia that shows a combination of symptoms between paranoid and disorganized

Sociogenic Theory of Schizophrenia

social conditions are the cause of schizophrenia

Social Drift/Social Selection theory of Schizophrenia

schizophrenia causes poverty (characteristics determine their environment)

Existential Crisis Theory of Schizophrenia

believes schizophrenia doesn't exist. It is for people who are seeking authenticity

Schizophreniform Disorder

has the same symptoms as schizophrenia but lasts no less than a month but no more than 6 months 

Schizoaffective Disorder

patients show symptoms of both schizophrenia AND a mood disorder

Delusional Disorder

where a patient has delusions for a month

Endogenous Toxin

Toxins created from within the body

Cerebral Ventricles

central part of the brain that can’t be seen on an MRI. Contains spinal fluid and are used to filter waste and bring things to the brain.

Substance Dependance

describes substance use disorders that are of moderate severity (those with pharmalogical consequences)

Addiction

excessive use of substances that involve cravings or loss of control

Psychoactive substances

Substances that contain chemicals of which alter a person’s mood, cognition, or brain function

Withdrawal

The bodies reaction to living without the drug/substance

Use diagnosis

when a person is just using a drug

Abuse

consuming the drug more than the person can handle, and at times not for its intended use (speaking in terms of intoxication)

Intoxication

consuming the drug enough to impair function

Dependence

when a patient feels as though they cannot live without consuming or ingesting the substance

Addiction

When a substance influences a person’s cognition to the point where they are obsessing over it

Pop Psychology’s definition of addiction

anything that people do over and over that's not good for them

Traditional Moral theory of Alcohol Abuse

Those that were alcoholics had weak morality

Traditional Psychoanalytic Theory of Alcohol Abuse

Mistakes in the oral stage of development lead to alcoholism

Traditional Disease Model of Alcohol Abuse

There is a genetic component that influences whether someone is an alcoholic or not.

Traditional Sociocultural theory of alcohol abuse

Cultures where alcohol was natural had less abuse on average than cultures where alcoholism was stigmatized

Traditional Behavioral/Learning theory of alcohol abuse

People drink because there is a reward (they feel good after)

Brief Psychotic Disorder

where a person exhibits delusions, hallucinations, disorganized, speech, or catatonic behavior for more than a day but no more than a month