Classification and Diagnosis of Childhood Disorders

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the classification and diagnosis of childhood disorders, particularly ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorders, included in the lecture notes.

Developmental Psychopathology

Studies disorders of childhood within the context of normal child development.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Inattention

Six or more symptoms of inattention must be present for children up to age 16.

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

Six or more symptoms must be present for children up to age 16 and must be disruptive.

ADHD Diagnostic Criteria

Includes symptoms appearing before age 12 that interfere with social, school, or work functioning.

Prevalence of ADHD

Estimated to be 3-7%, more common in boys.

Genetic Factors in ADHD

Heritability estimates as high as 70-80%, with certain dopamine genes implicated.

Prenatal Factors in ADHD

Maternal nicotine use can interfere with the wiring of the dopaminergic system.

Pharmacological Treatment for ADHD

Stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall are most common.

Psychological Treatment for ADHD

Includes behavioral treatment using operant conditioning principles.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A category formerly known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders, includes classic Autism and Asperger Syndrome.

DSM-5 Criteria for Autism

Includes deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and presence in early development.

Echolalia

The repetition of phrases or words heard from others, commonly seen in Autism.

Asperger Syndrome

Previously a distinct disorder, characterized by social abnormalities and high-functioning cognitive skills.

Neuroanatomical Factors in Autism

Brain size of autistic individuals is often larger, with abnormal neuronal pruning.

Behavioral Interventions for Autism

Operant conditioning principles used to manage behaviors, particularly effective when implemented early.