9 blood lymphatic and immune systems

antibody

protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a specific foreign substance

protective proteins in response to a threat

antigen

substance, recognized as harmful by immune system, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual

autologous v allogenic

Think transplants

Autologous transplant = Self donated

Allogenic transplant = Somebody else donated

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

palliative treatment

Providing relief to somebody’s symptom not a cure

Not treating the underlying medical condition

Can be long term



not same as hospice

bile pigment

substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and exercised by the liver

cytokine

chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells

dendritic cell

specialized type of monocyte that displays antigens on its cell surface and presents them to components of immune system

immunocompetent

possessing the ability to develop an immune response

natural killer cells / NK

specialized lymphocytes that destroy virally infected infected cells and tumor cells by releasing chemicals that disrupt their cell membranes, causing intracellular fluid to leak out

RBC

erythrocytes

WBC

leukocytes

platelets

thrombocytes

Reticulocyte

 immature red blood cell

If not enough red blood cells, not enough oxygen

hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis

development of bc into mature forms

\

function of RBC/erythrocytes

transport O2 and CO2

erythropoiesis

RBC development

hemoglobin Hb Hgb

iron containing compound made by RBC

gives red color

hemosiderin

hemoglobin breaks down into this iron compound

function of WBC/leukocytes

protect against invasion by pathogens and foreign substances

remove debris from injured tissue

aid in healing

phagocytosis

ability to ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles

diapedesis

WBC migrate through endothelial walls of capillaries and venules

granulocytes

presence of granules

agranulocytes

absence of granules

function of platelets

initiate blood clotting

thromboplastin

clotting factors start clot formation

fibrinogen

soluble blood protein becomes insoluble and forms fibrin that as a net and traps blood cells

thrombus/blood clot

mass of blood cells and fibrin

fibrinogen

plasma proteins

blood serum

product of blood plasma formed when fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed from blood plasma

lymph

fluid contains lymphocytes and monocytes

lymph vessels

network of transporting vessels

functions of lymphatic systems

maintain fluid balance by draining interstitial fluid from tissue space and return to blood

transport lipids away from digestive organs for use by blood tissues

filter and remove unwanted or infectious products in lymph nodes

pathogens

disease causing organism

innate immunity

immune defense keeps pathogen from gaining entry into the body

nonspecific

first line barriers v second line barriers

acquired immunity

immune defense identifies and specifically destroys pathogens once they gained entry

adaptive

specific

wbcs

first line barriers

keep pathogens from entering body

like skin and mucous membranes, tears, saliva, and gastric secretions

second line barriers

stop spread of pathogens

includes phagocytes, natural killer cells, and inflammation

active immunity

long lasting immunity

aden/o

gland

agglutin/o

clumping, gluing

chrom/o

color

erythr/o

red

granul/o

granule

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

immun/o

immune, immunity, safe

\

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph gland

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

morph/o

form, shape, structure

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

\

nucle/o

nucleus

phag/o

swallowing, eating

poikil/o

varied, irregular

ser/o

serum

sider/o

iron

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

blood clot

thym/o

thymus gland

\-blast

embryonic cell

\-globin

protein

\-penia

decrease, deficiency

\-phil

attraction for

\-phylaxis

protection

\-poiesis

formation, production

\-stasis

standing still

aniso-

unequal, dissimilar

hypersensitivities

abnormally heightened immune response

immunodeficiencies/immune deficiencies

depressed responses

autoimmunity

failure to recognize self/own tissue

hematology

branch of medicine that studies blood cells, blood clotting, blood clotting mechanisms, bone marrow, and lymph node

branches of med involving disorders of immune system

allergy and immunology

anemia

deficiency in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin within RBC

erythropenia, erythrocytopenia

anemias

hypochromia

Low hemoglobin content in red blood cells

iron-deficiency anemia.

hemoglobinopathy

anemia caused by defective hemoglobin molecule

allergy

acquired abnormal immune response

sensitization

initial exposure

urticaria

hives

anaphylaxis

life threatening condition due to allergic reaction

autoantigens

the body’s own antigens

autoimmune disease

failure to differentiate foreign antigens from autoantigens

autoantibodies

response to autoimmune disease

\

multisystemic

affects many organs and systems

exacerbations

autoimmune disease symptom

flareups

remissions

autoimmune disease symptom

latencies

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

infectious disease caused HIV that destroys CD4 (helper T cells) that patient’s immune system fails

opportunist infections

Infections in HIV/AIDS patients take advantage of weakened immune systems and can be life-threatening.

coagulation disorders

any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding

disseminated intravascular coagulation

abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of O2 in distal tissue

results in damage to organs

hemophilia

congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B), resulting in prolonged bleeding

\
bleeder’s disease

thrombocytopenia

abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets or their increased destruction in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver

graft rejection

process in which a recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted graft as “foreign” and attacks or destroys it

graft v host disease

complication that occurs following a ste cell or bone marrow transpllant in which the transplant produces antibodies against the recipient’s organs, commonly severe enough to cause death

hemoglobinopathy

disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

infectious mononucleosis

mono, kissing disease

acute infectious disease caused by EBV that primarily affects young people

causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy

lymphadenopathy

Swelling of a lymph node

Lym fad nop pathy

Epstein Barr Virus

The virus causing mononucleosis can lead to lymphomas and nasopharyngeal cancer. It spreads through saliva and causes fever, sore throat, and fatigue.

Kaposi sarcoma

cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) that mainly affects the skin and mucous membrane s but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement

malignant neoplasm of soft tissue