Consequences of the French and Indian War and Colonial Taxation

peters 12.10.25

John Adams

Boston lawyer who defended the British soldiers during the Boston 'Massacre' trial.

James Otis

Coined the phrase "No taxation without representation"

No taxation without representation

Reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no voice/representation in Parliament

Samuel Adams

Ringleader of the patriot rebellion in America. He was the founder of the Committee of Correspondence and and the Sons of Liberty.

John Hancock

Ringleader of the patriot rebellion in America and a wealthy merchant and ship owner in Boston.

Jeffery Amherst

Conspired with British officers to rid the Native Americans by sending infected blankets as 'gifts'. These blankets were NOT really gifts.

Sons of Liberty

A secret society formed to oppose British policies sometimes to inflict violence and intimidation. They were not interested in peaceful protests.

Committees of Correspondence

Committees of Correspondence, organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament, sharing ideas and information in ways to challenge or protest.

Charles Townshend

Created the taxes on lead, glass, paper, paint & tea against the Americans.

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

Drafted resolutions and sent to them to Parliament in an attempt to work through differences regarding the taxes imposed on the colonies.

Prime Minister George Grenville

British prime minister who taxes the Americans to help bring in revenue and pay off the heavy debts from the war.

Ben Franklin

Sent to England to negotiate with Parliament over the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Andrew Oliver

Boston Stamp Master who received threats from the Sons of Liberty.

Captain Thomas Preston

At the Boston Massacre, accused of commanding the soldiers to fire

Paul Revere

A patriot who engraved the patriot perception of the Boston Massacre, and helped warn colonists about British movements

Minutemen (militia)

(volunteer army) who were to be ready at a minute's notice

The First Continental Congress

September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the crisis in Boston and the unjust rule from the king.

Stamp Master

Distributed stamped paper and collected the money for the tax.

Thomas Gage (British)

The commander of all British troops in America during the early years of the war. He governed Massachusetts.

John Hancock and Samuel Adams

These two were sought after as the British marched to seize the patriot arsenal in Concord.

Sugar Act of 1764

An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the Parliament. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar, molasses, coffee imported from the West Indies.

Stamp Act of 1765

This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items - legal documents, newspapers, playing cards, and dice.

Quartering Act of 1765

Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.

Declaratory Act (1766)

Passed at the same time that the Stamp Act was repealed; declared that Parliament had the power to tax the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" & that the colonists possessed virtual representation.

Townshend Acts (1767)

passed by Parliament, put a tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea.

Tea Act of 1773

Allowed East India Company to avoid navigation taxes when exporting tea to colonies and gave them power to monopolize tea trade; this angered colonists and threatened merchants and the colonial economy.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774

Series of acts passed by British Parliament to punish Americans for Boston Tea Party. The colonists called these the Intolerable Acts.

Tariff

A tax on imported goods

Loyalist

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Patriot

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

Repeal

to cancel

Boycott

A refusal to buy or use goods and services.

Radical

A person with extreme views who seeks complete political reform - The Sons of Liberty was a radical group.

Protest

A statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.

grievance

A complaint about something believed to be wrong or unfair.

intolerable

unbearable; unable to be endured.

liberty

Freedom within society from oppressive restriction imposed by authority.

Midnight Riders

Served as a beacon system alarming the countryside that the British soldiers were moving to seize the American's arsenal.

Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773)

To protest the Tea Act and Britain's attempt to create a monopoly for the East India Company, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians, boarded British ships, and successfully dumped crates of tea into the Boston Harbor.

Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)

Unhappy with the taxes Parliament imposed on the colonies, patriots in Boston fought with the British Redcoats taunting and looking to riot. As a result, a young British private began arguing with a young wig apprentice. Then a mob formed and the British soldiers fired into the crowd killing five people.

Behavior of patriots at the Boston Massacre

They were a violent mob, throwing clubs (rope maker), ice, sea shells, snowballs with rocks, and daring the British soldiers to fire and shoot them.

John Adams defended soldiers charged in the Boston Massacre

To show the British Parliament and the King that Americans valued the law and a fair trial.

Paul Revere's Engraving

Used as propaganda against the British, showing the soldiers murdering helpless American colonists - He called it 'The Bloody Massacre'

Neutralist

One who did not take sides during the American Revolutionary War

Proclamation of 1763

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. The King needed to establish protocol for distribution of land and establish peace with the Native Americans.

Battles of Lexington and Concord

On April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting war between the Americans and the British. The battles resulted in a British retreat back to Boston. The Redcoats (British soldiers were not successful).

Shot heard round the world

The first shot fired of the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord when a group of armed minutemen confronted a British column. People around the world began to pay attention to the crisis boiling in North America. The world took notice of the passionate colonists and their courage, bravery, and determination to take back control from an unjust authority.