Levels of biodiversity - Gr.7 3Q

Genetic diversity

• Refers to the variations in genes within a particular species.

• Allows populations to adapt to changing environments and resist disease.

  • without it, everyone will look the same.

Species Diversity

• refers to the variety of species within a given area or ecosystem.

• It ensures that ecosystem can function affectively even when conditions change.

Ecosystem Diversity

• encompasses various habitats, communities, and ecological processes across different regions.

• supports various forms of life by providing multiple habitats where different species can thrive.

Carl Linnaeus 1707 - 1778

• developed a system or a series of ranked levels in his classification system.

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Kingdom

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• The highest level in the classification hierarchy.

• Represents large groups of related organisms

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Phylum

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• It groups organisms based on major body plans or structural features.

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Class

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• A further division within phyla that groups similar orders together.

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Order

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• Groups families that share common characteristics.

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Family

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• A group of related genera (Plural of genus)

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Genus

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• A group containing one or more species that are closely related.

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

Species

(Hierarchical Levels of Classification)

• It identifies individual organisms capable of interbreeding.

• Each species has a unique scientific name made up of its genus name followed by its specific epithet.

Binomial Nomenclature

• Each living thing has a name consisting of 2 Latin words: the genus and the species name.

Example: A hippo’s scientific name is

Hippopotamus amphibious

(The 3 Domains)

Archaea

(The 3 Domains)

• Prokaryotic, Microorganisms, unicellular

• Oldest living organisms

• Evolutionary distinct from bacteria

• Habitat: Extreme environments

• can adapt to harsh environments

• can thrive in extreme pH levels, temperatures, and salinity.

• grouped according to habitats

  • Methanogens, Halophiles, and Thermophiles.

(The 3 Domains)

Bacteria

(The 3 Domains)

• Prokaryotic Microorganisms

• Beneficial or harmful

• Habitat: All environment

• Kingdom: Eubacteria

• More complex, more common than archaea bacteria

• Found in most habitats on earth

• group in terms of cells shapes.

(Domain Archaea)

Methanogens

(Domain Archaea)

• They feed of poop

• Microorganisms that live in places without oxygen (Digestive tract of animals, septic tanks, bottom of lakes/ oceans/ swamps)

• Produce Methane gas

(Domain Archaea)

Halophiles

(Domain Archaea)

• Microorganisms that live in very salty environments

(Domain Archaea)

Thermophiles

(Domain Archaea)

• Prokaryotic cells that live in very hot environments.

(Domain Bacteria)

Coccus

(Domain Bacteria)

• Circle shaped bacteria

(Domain Bacteria)

Bacillus

(Domain Bacteria)

• Eggplant / cucumber-shaped bacteria

(Domain Bacteria)

Spiralla

(Domain Bacteria)

• Spring shaped bacteria

(Domain Bacteria)

Spirochetes

(Domain Bacteria)

• even more springy shaped bacteria

(Domain Bacteria)

Vibrio

(Domain Bacteria)

• corkscrew/tampon shaped bacteria

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Rhizobium species

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

• Obtain nutrients from the plants and produce nitrogen in through biological nitrogen fixation.

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Streptococcus Thermophiles

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Probiotic supplements

• Fermentation of dairy food

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Lactobacillus acidophilus

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Reducing the intestinal pH

• Improves immunity by inhibiting the growth of bad bacteria

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Oenococcus ceni

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Food fermentation

• to reduce acidity in wine

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Campylobacter Jejuni

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Spirillum bacteria

• Campylobacterriosis

  • uncooked poultry

  • Bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever.

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Mycobacteria tuberodi

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Attracts lungs and causes tuberculosis

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Xanthomonas campestris

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Causes block rot by invading the xylem and blocking the water flow in plants

(Beneficial Bacteria)

Salmonella Typhi

(Beneficial Bacteria)

• Pasted through contaminated food or water (food poisoning)

• Causes typhoid fever

(The 3 Domains)

Eukarya

(The 3 Domains)

• Eukaryotic cells; Multicellular organisms

• Small to large organisms

• Habitat: All environment

• 4 kingdoms

  • Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals