7A

Biologicla factors, motivation, personality and disorders

What is the behaviorist perspective? How does it differ from the social cognitive perspective?

It believes that behavior is learned through conditioning. Overall they are dependent only on external stimuli.

Social cognitive perspective says that people mold their environments based on their personality while the environment also molds them.

What is the humanistic perspective?

centered on the use of free will and how to best apply it

How would you label a therapist that helps a patient to replace destructive attitudes with positive ones?(basically correcting faulty thinking)

Cognitive therapist

How would you label a therapist that uses a token economy to replace negative coping responses with positive ones?

Behavioral therapist

How would you label a therapist that helps a patient uncover unconscious roots to their issues?

Psychoanalytical therapist

How would you label a therapist that lets a patient share their negative experiences and express their feelings in a safe environment, otherwise known as catharsis?

Psychodynamic therapist

Why is the anterior cingulate cortex important?

Regulates impulse control and descision making

Why would a fMRI be preferred over a PET? What situation would this be found

fMRI detects brain activity in real time so this best fro when we want to look at brain activity while someone is doing a task.

What characterizes Cluster A disorders?

“Weird”

Paranoid (distrust, suspicion)

schizoid (detached)

schizotypical (magic/ghosts)

Think Willy Wonka

What characterizes Cluster B disorders?

“Wild”

Antisocial (inconsiderate... makes sense if you think of an attention whore with a big ego)

Borderline (neurotic/unstable)

Histrionic (attention whore)

Narcissistic (big ego)

Think American Psycho!

What characterizes Cluster C disorders?

“Worried”

Anxious

Dependent (anxiety --> safety behaviours (maladaptive coping strategy, but latch on to a person)

OCPD (if your in control, avoid anxiety... like sensitization/rehearsal)

Think Charlie Brown

What’s the difference between drive and regular factors of motivation like needs?

Drives are PURELY biological not psychological while a need can be biological and psycholigical

What are the most known psychoanalytic psychologists?

Freud and Carl Jung

What are the main humanist psychologists? What even is humanistic for each?

Humans are inherently good and we should look at them as a whole

Malsow - Self-actualization

George Kelly-Info collection, processing and interpretation

Kurt Lewin: Look at current situation to look at driving and restraining forces of change

Carl Rogers- Therapist is guide for patient to define and solve their problems

What is the trait perspective? What model is this related to?

Look at pattern of patient’s thought, feelings behavior focusing on those that are stable or not

OCEAN

O-openness

C-Conscientiousness- Orderly or disciplined

A- Agreeableness- How moral you are/trusting

E- Extroversion

N-Nerutoism- anxiety/depression

What is the trait perspective according to Gordon Alloport?

Cardinal- Dominate personality(Not common, usually archetype like villian or hero)

Central-Main traits

Secondary- Depends on situation

Who is the main behaviorist? Who is the main social cognitist?

BF Skinner

Social Cognitive -Bendura which show cognition, behaviors and environment (locus of control) interact

What’s the difference between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder?

I- At least one MANIC episode

II- One DEPRESSIVE episode and one HYPOMANIC episode

What is cyclothymic disorder?

Having manic and depressive symptoms but they’re not severe enough to be an episode

What is a somatoform disorder?

they have symptoms of a condition but not actually diagnosed and they are also very concerned about it

Not only does GABA _____ you, but it also ____ over inappropriate behavior

Calms, DECREASES CONTROL

Describe:

Delusion of persecution:

Delusion of reference:

Delusion of grandeur

Persecution: Believe they’re discriminated against

Reference: Believe everything is directed towards them

Grandeur: Think they are famous

What is reciprocal determinism? What perspective is this related to?

There are personal and environmental motivations that influences behavior.

Social cognitive perspective!

What is dysthymia?

Depressed mood that doesn’t meet the criteria for major depressive disorder

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Babinski-toes spread when foot stroked

Moro- Arms extend and start crying because of sudden head movement

Defense mechanisms, draw it out?

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What is Alzheimer’s disease associated with?

Decreased levels of acteylcholine

The prefrontal cortex communicates with the _____ to regulate ____ depending on the situation.

1. reticular formation

2. arousal and alertness

If a patient has been diagnosed and treated with Parkinson’s disease, and they suddenly develop hallucinations what cpuld be the cause?

We treat with L-DOPA which increases dopamine levels, which can cause hallucinations similar to how schizophrenia is caused by excess dopamine.

What’s the difference between the incidence and the prevalence of a condition in a population?

Incidence is the number of new cases within a specific time while prevalence is the total amount of people with the condition

What’s the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder?

amnesia- Sudden unexpected move and are confused about identity and may assume a new one.

Identity: Experience multiple personalities that control their behavior

What neurotransmitter can be associated with manic episodes?

High levels of norepinephrine

What are positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Positive: delusions, hallucinations, and CATATONIC behavior

Negative: AVOLITION

Define these different aspects of attitude:

Cognitive:

Affective:

Emotional

Behavioral:

Cognitive: Comprise our thoughts and beliefs

Affective: Our emotional reaction to a specific thing

Emotional: Very general may or may not be tied to attitude

Behavioral: our action because of the attitude

Central and Peripheral route processing are involved with the processing of ____. What do they each mean?

1. Persuasive info (ads)

Central: Thoughtful decision

Ex: This has great nutritional value

Peripheral: Superficial decision

Ex: It looks like it tastes good or I was recommended this

What is the dominant and nondominant hemisphere? What do they include?

Dominant(LEFT): Math, language, logic

Nondominant(RIGHT): Music, tone, creativity

What is the diencephalon?

Part of embryonic forebrain that becomes the thalamus, posterior pituitary, and pineal gland

In order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, what needs to be observed?

Positive symptoms

If a gene is likely to be expressed, it has _____ but if it accounts for only a small amount of variation, then ____.

Has high penetrance, low heritability

What’s the difference between the foot-in the door technique and door-in the face technique?

Foot In: Accept small request first

Door: asking a favor and getting denied but the asking for a SMALLER favor

Where is cerebrospinal fluid located?

In the skull

What is incongruence?

The gap between a person’s actual self and ideal self

What is the difference between distress and maladaptiveness?

Distress: Unusual or prolonged levels of stress

Maladaptive: Negative impacts person’s life and poses a threat to others

Incentive theory?

how factors outside of individuals, including community values and other aspects of culture, can motivate behavior.

Which part of the psychodynamic theory resolves conflict?

Ego

What is the difference between fMRI and PET scans?

fMRI: reveals increases in blood flow

PET: Measures increase in glucose

What are the basic things we need to know about an action potential especially when a neurotransmitter exits the presynaptic cell??

1. First the neurotransmitter bind to their SPECFIC receptors on the postsynaptic cell

2. Ligand gated cation channels open

3. Depolarization exceeds our threshold which causes the action potential

If we say a certain word that was shown in our visual field and we somehow have a brain split, what would happen?

If ball was presented on the right and room on the left we would only be able to describe ball as describing ball happens on the left hemisphere and we dont have access to the left when room is on the left.

When we have cognitive dissonance, our goal is to ___ by ___.

Minimize it by conforming to them or questioning their validity

Changing their opinion than actually changing their behavior!

What are common example of first favors in the foot in the door technique?

1. Signing a petition

2. Wearing a pin

3. Completing a short survey

4. Making a small donation

5. Allowing a sign to be hung