final exam

The process used by eukaryotic cells to divide the cytoplasm is known as _

cytokinesis

What is the correct order of phases in mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

At the start of mitosis, eukaryotic DNA condenses into visible, linear, rod shaped structures called

chromosomes

What is necessary for a cell to pass the M checkpoint?

proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane across the middle of the cell?

metaphase

__refer to an organized arrangement of chromosomes based on their number and appearance; including their lengths, banding patterns, and position of their centromere.

Karyograms

The __checkpoint of mitosis looks for damages to the replicated DNA, organelle replication, adequate nutrition, and cell size.

G2

How do previously existing cells create new cells?

They divide and create two new cells from a single parent cell.

What are the functions of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotic organisms such as plants and animals?

Growth, development and repair

Which statement is CORRECT regarding daughter cells produced by mitosis?

They will be genetically identical.

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis is TRUE?

Mitosis only occurs in eukaryotic cells.

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane reform?

telophase

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that eukaryotic chromosomes

are located in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

interphase

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell that is pinching in from the sides and has two bulging ends on either side. What is occurring in this cell?

It is an animal cell in interphase.

Bacteria and other prokaryotes use _______for reproduction in which cells split in half to create two genetically identical offspring

binary fission

The matched set of chromosomes seen in diploid (2n) organisms are known as -.

homologous chromosomes

Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?

32

Some cells have several nuclei per cell. How could such multinucleated cells be explained?

The cell underwent repeated mitosis, but cytokinesis did not occur.

Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells but not in animal cells?

golgi-derived vesicles

You look through a microscope and see a cell with distinct chromosomes and no nucleus. However, the chromosomes are not arranged in any particular order and are randomly scattered around the center of the cell. This cell is likely in which phase of mitosis?

prophase

What type of cells do NOT undergo the full cell cycle, remaining in Go?

brain

A tumor is a

mass of unregulated cells.

Non cancerous tumors are called _____ while cancerous tumors are called_____

benign ... malignant

FtsZ proteins in prokaryotic cells direct the formation of a ______that will eventually form-the new cell walls of the daughter cells.

septum

In fertilization, 2 haploid gametes fuse to form one_____zygote.

diploid

The process of meiosis produces which of the following?

4 haploid daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete

1

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

possible combinations or characteristics.

What is a karyogram?

A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape.

If the chromosome number were NOT halved when gametes are produced, what would be the result of fertilization?

The zygote would have double the number of chromosomes as the parents.